| 张赛,王龙昌,陈娇,石超.水氮耦合对油菜生长及氮肥利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(6):199~206 |
| 水氮耦合对油菜生长及氮肥利用效率的影响 |
| Effect of coupled irrigation and nitrogen on growth and nitrogen use efficiency of rapeseed |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.06.29 |
| 中文关键词: 油菜 水氮耦合 生长性状 氮素吸收 氮肥利用率 |
| 英文关键词:rapeseed irrigation and nitrogen coupling growth traits nitrogen uptake nitrogen use efficiency |
| 基金项目:公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503127）；国家自然科学基金项目（31271673，31700364，31871583）；西南大学博士基金项目（SWU116073） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在油菜种植主产区，定量研究了不同水分管理和氮素施入对油菜生长和氮肥利用的影响，为油菜高产高效生产科学施肥提供理论依据。于2015—2017年度在重庆西南大学日光温室开展油菜水肥耦合效应盆栽试验，比较高水W1（90%田间持水量）、中水W2（70%田间持水量）、低水W3（50%田间持水量）三个水分梯度和高氮N1（150%常规施氮量）、中氮N2（100%常规施氮量）、低氮N3（50%常规施氮量）三个氮肥水平共9个处理对油菜产量、生长性状、氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明：油菜株高、茎粗、叶片数、有效分枝数对水分因素不敏感，主要受氮素影响。本试验中当土壤含水量达到田间最大持水量的90%，施氮量才对根系形态特征指标、根系干物质量产生影响。水氮因素对土壤的全氮含量影响不显著，主要影响作物的全氮含量，作物氮含量随着施氮量的增加而增加，随着土壤含水量的增加则呈下降趋势；油菜产量在不同施氮水平下差异不显著，随着土壤含水量的增加呈增加趋势。氮肥表观利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率和氮肥生理利用率均随着施氮量的减少而增加，同一施氮水平下随着土壤含水量的增加而增加。综合考虑，本研究中最优水氮组合为W1N3,即灌水水平控制在田间持水量的90%、施氮量为0.12 g·kg-1。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In main rapeseed growing regions, the effects of different water management and nitrogen (N) application on growth and N utilization of brassica napus was studied in order to provide theoretical basis for scientific fertilization of rapeseed for high yield and efficiency. A pot experiment on coupled effect of water and fertilizer of rapeseed in solar greenhouse of Southwest University in Chongqing in 2015-2017. The yield, growth characters, N uptake, and N utilization of rapeseed were compared with treatments of three water and three N fertilizer levels. The results showed that the plant height, stem thickness, leaf number, and effective branching number were not sensitive to moisture factors, but were significantly affected by N. When soil moisture reached a high level of 90% of field water capacity, nitrogen only affected the characteristics of root morphology and the quality of root. The more N applied, the more aboveground and underground dry matter accumulated in a certain range, but after the application of a certain amount of N fertilizer these indicators showed a decrease. The effects of water and nitrogen on the total N content of soil was not significant. The N content of crops increased with the increase in nitrogen application, but decreased with the increase in soil water content. The yield of Brassica napus showed no significant difference with different N application levels, and increased with the increase of soil water content. The apparent utilization rate of N fertilizer, partial productivity of N fertilizer, agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer, and physiological utilization of N fertilizer increased with the decrease in N application, and with the increase in soil water content at the same N application level. In this study, the optimal combination of water and N was W1N3: the irrigation level controlled 90 % of the water in the field and the N application rate was 0.12 g· kg-1. |
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