中国大陆地区基于太阳辐射经验值计算ET<sub>0</sub>的适用性研究

夏兴生; 朱秀芳; 潘耀忠; 张锦水

夏兴生,朱秀芳,潘耀忠,张锦水.中国大陆地区基于太阳辐射经验值计算ET₀的适用性研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(6):221~230

中国大陆地区基于太阳辐射经验值计算ET₀的适用性研究

Applicability of the empirical value of solar radiation in estimation of ET₀ in Mainland China

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.06.32

中文关键词: Penman-Monteith公式太阳辐射参考作物需水量差异性分析中国

英文关键词:Penman-Monteith formula solar radiation reference crop evapotranspiration difference analysis China

基金项目:国家高分辨率对地观测系统（民用部分）重大专项；“十三五”国家重点研发专项（2018YFC1504603）；中国人民财产保险股份有限公司灾害研究基金（2017D24-03）

作者	单位
夏兴生	北京师范大学遥感科学国家重点实验室，北京 100875；北京师范大学地理科学学部遥感科学与工程研究院，北京 100875
朱秀芳	北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室，北京 100875；北京师范大学地理科学学部遥感科学与工程研究院，北京 100875
潘耀忠	北京师范大学遥感科学国家重点实验室，北京 100875；北京师范大学地理科学学部遥感科学与工程研究院，北京 100875
张锦水	北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室，北京 100875；北京师范大学地理科学学部遥感科学与工程研究院，北京 100875

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中文摘要:

太阳辐射是利用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith（PM）公式计算参考作物需水量（ET₀）的必要参数。为了探究PM公式在辐射数据缺失的条件下，利用FAO推荐的公式及参数获得太阳辐射值（R_{s_c}）替代观测值（R_{s_o}）在中国大陆地区的适用性，本研究选用了中国大陆112个站点至少15 a的多年月平均观测数据，通过逐点计算分析了R_{s_c}和R_{s_o}的时空差异及二者分别输入PM公式获得的参考作物需水量ET₀_c和ET₀_o的时空差异。结果表明，R_{s_c}与R_{s_o}存在显著的时空差异性，二者相对差值范围为-2.86~4.41 MJ·m^-2·d^-1，且在4—8月份差异较大；大致以“胡焕庸线”为界，线西北区域R_{s_c}与R_{s_o}的时空差异相对较小，且稳定，线东南区域的时空差异较大，且不稳定。但是，基于二者计算的ET₀_c和ET₀_o时空差异却不显著，平均只有0.06~0.26 mm·d^-1的误差；“胡焕庸线”西北地区的ET₀_c和ET₀_o绝对差值常年稳定在0.00~0.25 mm·d^-1，“胡焕庸线”线东南地区则随季节而变化，夏季差异相对较大。在实际的应用中，西北地区全年和北方地区春、秋、冬三季以及长江、珠江流域所覆盖的南方地区在1、2、10、11、12月使用R_{s_c}替代R_{s_o}获得ET₀具有较好的适用性，北方地区的夏季、南方地区的3—9月份使用R_{s_c}计算ET₀则必须研究相应的方法对结果进行矫正，否则会有误差，且偏大。

英文摘要:

Radiation parameters are essential for calculating reference crop evapotranspiration (ET₀) by using Penman-Monteith (PM) formula recommended by FAO.To explore the applicability of using the FAO recommended formula for radiation parameter (R_{s_c}) instead of observations (R_{s_o}) in PM formula under the condition of lacking radiation parameters, this study used multi-year monthly average observation data of 112 stations, that each station has at least 15 years of data. The spatiotemporal difference between R_{s_c} and R_{s_o}, and ET₀_c and ET₀_o which obtained by PM formula input of R_{s_c} and R_{s_o}, respectively, by point-by-point was analyzed.The results showed that R_{s_c} and R_{s_o} had significant spatial-temporal differences, and the relative difference between them ranged from -2.86 to 4.41 MJ·m^-2·d^-1, which were larger from April to August. Taking Hu Huanyong Line as the boundary,the spatial-temporal difference in the northwest region of the line was relatively small and stable, while the spatial-temporal difference in the southeast region of the line was relatively large and unstable.However, the spatial-temporal difference of the ET₀_c and ET₀_o calculated by R_{s_c} and R_{s_o}, respectively,was not significant, only 0.06~0.26 mm·d^-1.The absolute difference value between ET₀_c and ET₀_o was stable in 0~0.25 mm·d^-1in northwest of Hu Huanyong Line. The difference in southeast region of the line changed with the season, and the difference in summer was relatively large. In actual application, using R_{s_c} instead of R_{s_o} to obtain ET₀ had a good applicability in the northwest region within a year and also the north region in spring, autumn, winter and the Yangtze river-Pearl river basin (the southern region) in months, Jan., Feb., Oct., Nov. and Dec.If R_{s_c} was used to calculate ET₀ in summer of the north region and from March to September of the south region, corresponding methods must be studied to correct the results.Otherwise, there will be relatively large errors.

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