| 唐建昭,肖登攀,王靖,郭馨泽.河北坝上地区马铃薯产量变异的气候决定因子分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(6):248~255 |
| 河北坝上地区马铃薯产量变异的气候决定因子分析 |
| Identifying the determination climatic factors of potato yield variation in Bashang area of Hebei Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.06.35 |
| 中文关键词: 马铃薯 气候因子 有效降水 产量 坝上地区 |
| 英文关键词:potato growth period yield climatic factors effective precipitation Bashang area |
| 基金项目:河北省科学院科技计划项目(2018G18;2019G03);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2018TC042)；河北省青年拔尖人才项目(20180106) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 河北坝上地区马铃薯主要在雨养条件下种植，年际间产量具有很大的变异。基于2010—2017年连续8 a的马铃薯生育期数据、产量数据和生育期内的气象数据，探讨了坝上地区马铃薯产量变异的气候决定因子，并分析了1961—2017年马铃薯生长季气候因子的变化。结果表明：1961—2017年坝上地区马铃薯生长季内总辐射平均每10 a下降66 MJ·m-2；最低温度和最高温度平均每10 a分别升高0.5℃和0.4℃；生长季内总降水无显著变化趋势，但年际间具有很大的波动性。试验年份马铃薯产量在8 250~24 500 kg·hm2之间，变异系数为27.8%。生长季内总辐射对马铃薯产量具有一定的促进作用，但不显著（P＞0.05）；出苗～薯块形成期（R2=0.31，P＜0.05）和薯块形成～薯块膨大期（R2=0.52，P＜0.01）两个阶段的最高温度对马铃薯产量产生了显著的负影响；薯块膨大～成熟期的最大连续无有效降水日数决定了马铃薯产量变异的68%。薯块膨大～成熟期的最大连续无有效降水日数和有效降水、薯块形成~薯块膨大期的最高温度和总辐射共同可以决定坝上地区马铃薯产量变异的82%。马铃薯生育期内降水总量不是坝上地区马铃薯产量变异的决定因子，有效降水及分配情况与马铃薯产量相关性更大，未来持续升温的气候情境下坝上地区雨养马铃薯产量提升应从提高降水有效性和培育耐高温品种两方面制定措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Potato production in Bashang area was under rainfed condition and potato yield varied greatly in this region. The determination factors of the variation of potato yields were analyzed based on the experiment and climate data during the potato growing season of 2010-2017. Also, the variation of meteorological factors in potato growing season from 1961 to 2017 was analyzed. The results indicated that total solar radiation in growing season showed decrease trend from 1961 to 2017 in Bashang with a decrease rate of 66 MJ·m-2 per decade. The minimum and maximum temperatures increased by 0.5℃ and 0.4℃ per decade, respectively. The precipitation change during growing season was not significant, however, its variation was great inter-annually. Potato yield was generally increased from 8 250 to 24 500 kg·hm-2， across the experimental years of 2010-2017 with avariation coefficient of 27.8%. Total solar radiation during growing period had positive effects on potato yield, however, not significant (P＞0.05). Maximum temperature during the periods of emergence to tuberization (R2=0.31, P＜0.05) and tuberization to tuber bulking (R2=0.52, 》P＜0.01) had significant negative effects on potato yield. The maximum continuous days without effective precipitation during tuber bulking to maturity determined 68% of the variation of potato yields under experimental years. The variation of potato yields could be determined 82% by the variations of maximum continues days without effective precipitation and the total effective precipitation during tuber bulking to maturity, maximum temperature and total solar radiation during tuberiztion to tuber bulking. Total precipitation in growing period was not the determination factor for potato yields in Bashang, and the yield was more correlated with effective precipitation. Enhancing the effectiveness of precipitation and cultivating more heat tolerance cultivars would be the effective measures to enhance potato yield in Bashang in the future. |
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