| 蒙强,刘静霞,李玉庆,张文贤,潘苏向,李敏杰,尼玛次仁.土壤水分下限调控灌溉对春青稞生长、产量和水分利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(1):173~182 |
| 土壤水分下限调控灌溉对春青稞生长、产量和水分利用的影响 |
| Effects of regulated irrigation of lower limits of soil moisture on growth, yield and water use efficiency of spring highland barley |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.01.23 |
| 中文关键词: 春青稞 调控灌溉 生长 土壤水分 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:spring highland barley regulated irrigation growth soil water yield water use efficiency |
| 基金项目:大学生创新性实验训练计划项目“基于有限灌溉模式下的林芝春青稞需耗水特征分析”；西藏土木水利电力工程技术研究中心区级重点实验室项目(ZTJS-04);西藏农牧学院人才引进科研启动项目（RC201601，RC201602） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究林芝河谷地区利于春青稞生长发育和产量提高的大田调控灌溉模式，以喜马拉22号为试材，在全生育期分别设置了80%~85% θf（W1）、75%~80% θf（W2）、65%~70% θf（W3）、55%~60% θf（W4）和45%~50% θf（W5）5个土壤水分下限调控水平和1个旱作处理（CK），研究了不同土壤水分调控下限对春青稞生长、耗水、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明：灌水处理对春青稞中后期株高生长影响显著，抽穗期、乳熟期株高较CK分别提高了37.28%和44.33%；W1、W2及CK处理的春青稞单株叶面积在抽穗期后率先降低，平均衰减速率为-0.20 cm2·cm-2·d-1，且乳熟期后各处理的叶面积相对生长率呈显著负增长；春青稞生育期总耗水量随水分调控下限的降低直线下降，耗水强度基本在5 mm·d-1左右；灌水处理较CK提高了春青稞干物质积累量，平均增幅13.95%，以抽穗期最大。不同处理的春青稞产量及水分利用效率均随水分调控下限的降低呈先升高后降低的趋势，其中W4的水分利用效率和作物收获指数分别为1.15 kg·m-3和0.40，明显高于W1（0.28 kg·m-3,0.28）、W2（0.91 kg·m-3，0.30），且该处理在较低的灌水量（252.52 mm）下获得最高的产量（6 237.05 kg·hm-2）。综合认为，基于本试验条件下的春青稞全生育期土壤水分调控下限为55%~60% θf时，节水增产效应显著。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the regulated irrigation mode benefits to the growth and yield of spring highland barley in Nyingchi valley areas, a field plot experiment was carried out with the spring highland barley species “Himala 22”. Five lower soil water limits, including 80%~85% θf (W1), 75%~80% θf (W2), 65%~70% θf(W3), 55%~60% θf(W4), and 45%~50% θf(W5), and one control treatment (rain\|fed irrigation, CK) in the whole growing season to study the effects of soil water regulation on spring highland barley growth, water consumption, dry matter accumulation, and yield. Results showed that the irrigation treatment had significant effects on plant height of the spring highland barley in the middle and late stages. Comparing with CK treatment, the plant height at heading stage and milk stage increased by 37.28% and 44.33% respectively. After heading stage, the leaf area per plant of W1, W2, and CK treatment decreased, and the average decay rate was 0.20 cm2·cm-2·d-1). The relative growth rate of leaf area was significantly negative after milky stage. The total water consumption during the growth period of spring barley decreased sharply with the decrease of the lower soil water limits, and the water consumption intensity basically floated around 5 mm·d-1. Comparing with CK treatment,the irrigation treatment increased the drymatter accumulation of the spring green by 13.95%, and a big rate of increase amplitude appeared in heading stage. With the decrease in lower soil water limits，the yield and water use efficiency in all treatments increased first and then decreased. The water use efficiency and crop harvest index of W4 treatment were 1.15 kg·m-3 and 0.40, respectively, significantly higher than that of W1（0.28 kg·m-3, 0.28）and W2(0.91 kg·m-3,0.30). Meanwhile, the treatment W4 obtained the maximum yield (6 237.05 kg·hm-2) under lower irrigation volume(252.52 mm). Comprehensively considering the water saving and high field, the lower soil water limit of 55%~60% θf is optimal to agriculture of the Nyingchi valley under the present experimental conditions． |
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