| 孙婷,张迪,王冀川,张建芳,石元强,比拉力·艾力,朱娟.滴灌水氮运筹对南疆春小麦根系生长及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(2):10~20 |
| 滴灌水氮运筹对南疆春小麦根系生长及产量的影响 |
| Effects of drip irrigation and nitrogen application on root growth and yield of spring wheat in Southern Xinjiang |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.02.02 |
| 中文关键词: 水氮运筹 滴灌 春小麦 根系生长 产量 南疆 |
| 英文关键词:water and nitrogen operations drip irrigation spring wheat root growth yield Southern Xinjiang |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31260303）；塔里木大学校长基金（TDZKGG201702）；少数民族聚居团场科技特派员科技帮扶三年行动专项（2013AA002）；塔里木大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目（2017059） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以南疆地区春小麦新春6号为供试材料，采用土柱栽培法，通过滴灌开展水、氮两因素控制性试验，滴施纯氮量设N0（不施氮肥）、N1（69 kg·hm-2）、N2（172.5 kg·hm-2）和N3（276 kg·hm-2）4个水平，滴灌水量设W1（2 250 m3·hm-2）、W2（3 000 m3·hm-2）、W3（3 750 m3·hm-2）和W4（4 500 m3·hm-2）4个水平，共16个水氮组合处理。结果表明：扬花期是滴灌春小麦根系生长的高峰期，有64.52%~76.90%的根系干质量和76.39%~82.47%的根长分布在0~40 cm土层中。适当增施水氮能有效促进根系生长并提高产量，其中扬花期N3W3、N2W3、N3W2处理的根干质量、根干质量密度、根长、根长密度、根系直径和根系表面积较高，分别为123.0~148.3 mg、97.07~117.03 g·m-3、14 405.8~16 490.8 mm、1.14~1.30 cm·cm-3、0.3267~0.3365 mm和14 245~17 624 mm2，其产量也达到8 695.7~9 966.1 kg·hm-2的较高水平。N3W4处理的根系各项指标虽然较高，但蜡熟期下降过快，表明水氮过高对延缓根系衰亡不利。水氮对根系生长及产量具有显著的互作效应，且水分效应高于氮素效应。通过分析，本地区较适宜的水、氮供应范围分别为3 750~4 500 m3·hm-2和172.5~276 kg·hm-2，当施氮量259.4 kg·hm-2、滴灌量3 793.4 m3·hm-2时产量可达最高为9 142.9 kg·hm-2。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The spring wheat cultivar Xinchun 6 in the Southern Xinjiang was selected as the test material, and two\|factor (water and nitrogen) controlling experiments were conducted using soil\|column cultivation method. Four levels of nitrogen supply, including N0 (no N fertilizer), N1 (69 kg·hm-2), N2 (172.5 kg·hm-2), and N3 (276 kg·hm-2), and four levels of water supply, including W1 (2 250 m3·hm-2),W2 (3 000 m3·hm-2), W3 (3 750 m3·hm-2), and W4(4 500 m3·hm-2), were used for fertigation and drip irrigation, respectively. Thus, 16 water\|nitrogen\|combination treatments were implemented. The results showed that flowering stage was the peak period of root growth of spring wheat drip irrigation and 64.52%~76.90% of the root dry mass and 76.39%~82.47% of the root length were distributed in 0~40 cm soil layer. Increasing the water supply and nitrogen properly effectively promoted root growth and improved yield of spring wheat. The root dry mass, root dry mass density, root length, root length density, root diameter, and root surface area of N3W3, N2W3, and N3W2 treatments at flowering stage were higher, which were 123.0~148.3 mg, 97.07~117.03 g·m-3, 14 405.8~16 490.8 mm, 1.14~1.30 cm·cm-3, 0.3267~0.3365 mm, and 14 245~17 624 mm2, respectively. The yield under N3W3, N2W3, and N3W2 treatments also reached a higher level of 8 695.7~9 966.1 kg·hm-2. Although the root indexes under the N3W4 treatment were higher, yet they declined too fast during wax ripening period, which indicated that excessive water and nitrogen supply was unfavorable for delaying root senescence. Water and nitrogen had significant interaction effects on root growth and yield, and water had greater effect than nitrogen did. Through analysis, the suitable supply ranges of water and nitrogen for this region was 3 750~4 500 m3·hm-2 and 172.5~276 kg·hm-2, respectively. When nitrogen application and water drip were 259.4 kg·hm-2 and 3 793.4 m3·hm-2, respectively, the yield could reach the maximum value of 9 142.9 kg·hm-2. |
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