马军勇,郑国玉,周建伟,郑强卿.不同灌水下限对灰枣树生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(2):58~61
不同灌水下限对灰枣树生长及水分利用效率的影响
Effects of different irrigation thresholds on the growth and water use efficiency of jujube trees
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.02.08
中文关键词:  灌水下限  灰枣树  枣吊生长  产量  水分利用效率
英文关键词:irrigation threshold  gray jujube  bearing branch growth  yield  water use efficiency
基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划“南疆绿洲区主要作物高效节水灌溉技术与集成应用”（2016YFC0400208）
作者单位
马军勇 新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所，新疆 石河子 832000；农业部作物高效用水石河子科学观测实验站，新疆 石河子 832000 
郑国玉 新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所，新疆 石河子 832000；农业部作物高效用水石河子科学观测实验站，新疆 石河子 832000 
周建伟 新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所，新疆 石河子 832000；农业部作物高效用水石河子科学观测实验站，新疆 石河子 832000 
郑强卿 新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所，新疆 石河子 832000；农业部作物高效用水石河子科学观测实验站，新疆 石河子 832000 
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中文摘要:
      为探究不同灌水下限对新疆典型绿洲区灰枣树生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响，于2017年在新疆建设兵团第二师38团开展了大田试验，以7 a灰枣树为试验材料，设置了滴灌方式下4个灌水下限（T1、T2、T3、T4，分别为田间持水率的40%、55%、70%、85%）。研究结果表明：随灌水下限的降低枣吊生长受到明显抑制，处理T1的枣吊长度较处理T4减少了31.84%。灌水下限对枣树产量及果实比例均有重要影响，处理T2、T3较处理T4产量提高了11.26%、4.48%，一级果果实比例提高了35.66%、21.76%。降低灌水下限有利于提高枣树水分利用效率，处理T1、T2、T3较处理T4提高了10.10%~28.28%。在沙漠绿洲区灌水下限为田间持水率的55%比较适宜灰枣的生长发育，既可抑制枣树过度营养生长、促进生殖生长、提高其水分利用效率，亦可获得较高产量。
英文摘要:
      In order to explore the effect of different irrigation threshold on the growth, yield, and water use efficiency of gray jujube in typical oasis of Xinjiang, a field experiment was carried out in the 38 Regiment of the Second Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The 7a gray jujube was used as test materials, and 4 drip irrigation thresholds (T1, T2, T3, and T4 equivalent to 40%, 55%, 70%, and 85% of the field capacity, respectively). The results indicated that the bearing branch length of jujube had significantly positive correlation with the irrigation threshold, and bearing branch length of jujube with T1 was 31.84% less than that with T4. The yield and fruit weight of jujube were influenced by the irrigation threshold. Compared with T4, the first class fruit yields of T2 and T3 were increased by 11.26% and 4.48%, and the jujube yield were increased by 35.66% and 21.76%. In addition, reducing the irrigation threshold was beneficial to improve the water use efficiency of jujube. The water use efficiency of T1, T2, and T3 was 10.10%~28.28% higher than that of T4. The results showed that the appropriate irrigation threshold was 55% of the field capacity, which could not only inhibit the excessive vegetative growth of jujube but also improve the water use efficiency and yield of jujube.
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