| 叶祖鹏,白旭明,陈波浪.不同连作年限对棉花根系形态和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(2):135~141 |
| 不同连作年限对棉花根系形态和产量的影响 |
| Effects of different years of continuous cropping on cotton root morphology and yield |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.02.19 |
| 中文关键词: 棉花 连作年限 根系生长 产量；新疆 |
| 英文关键词:cotton continuous cropping years root growth yield Xinjiang |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31260499);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项（2016B01001-2-3）;新疆维吾尔自治区科技人才培养项目(qn2015yx011）;农业部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室开放基金资助课题（NYBXBLZ-201702）;新疆农业大学研究生科研创新项目(XJAUGRI2018-012) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以新疆典型棉区（玛纳斯县棉花种植地区）连作5、10 a和20 a的棉花为研究对象，利用田间根钻取样结合图像扫描分析方法，研究了不同连作年限棉田花铃期根系分布状况与形态特征。结果表明：根系集中分布于表层，即分布在0~10 cm土层的根质量约占总根质量的74.38%~87.08%；连作促使根干重增加，连作10 a和连作20 a处理的根干重较连作5 a处理分别提高了57.16%和50.80%；连作明显提高了棉花的根长密度和根表面积指数，连作10、20 a处理0~0.4 mm直径范围内的总根长较连作5 a处理的分别显著提高了约0.79~2.76倍和0.07~1.46倍；连作10 a处理的产量（平均产量为5 633.90 kg·hm-2）显著高于连作20 a处理和连作5 a处理（P<0.05），较其平均分别提高了14.96%和26.53%。因此新疆棉花连作年限控制在一定时域内（连作10 a）并不会抑制棉花根系的生长，反而能够提高根长密度和根表面积指数，进而促使棉花产量提升，但棉花连作超过一定年限（10~20 a）后可能出现连作障碍，影响根系生长和产量的提高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Continuous cropping is an important obstacle factor for cotton growth, and exploring the response characteristics of cotton roots to continuous cropping length will be conducive to improve the adaptability of cotton to soil. In this paper, cotton with continuous cropping for 5, 10 and 20 years as the research object in typical cotton areas of Xinjiang (cotton planting areas in Manas County) was studied. The root distribution and morphological characteristics of cotton in different planting years were researched by means of field root drill sampling and image scanning. The results showed that the roots were concentrated in the surface layer, and the root mass accounted for 74.38%~87.08% of the total root mass in 0~10 cm soil layer. Continuous cropping promoted dry root weight, which increased by 57.16% and 50.80%, respectively, after 10 years and 20 years continuous cropping compared with the 5 years. Continuous cropping significantly increased the root length density and root surface area index of cotton. The total root length in the 0~0.4 mm diameter range of continuous cropping for 10 years and 20 years was significantly increased by about 0.79~2.76 times and 0.07~1.46 times compared with that of continuous cropping for 5 years, respectively. The yield of 10 year continuous cropping (average yield was 5 633.90 kg·hm-2) was significantly higher than that of 20 years and 5 years continuous cropping (P<0.05), which increased by 14.96% and 26.53%, respectively. Controlling continuous cropping years (10 years) in Xinjiang did not inhibit the growth of cotton root system in a certain time domain, but improved root length density and root surface area index, and then promoted cotton yield. However, after cotton cultivation exceeded a certain period of time (10~20 years), continuous cropping obstacles occurred, which might affect the growth and yield of cotton root system. However, continuous cropping obstacles might occur after cotton planting for more than a certain period of time (10~20 years), which might affect root growth and yield. |
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