蔡明,刘吉利,杨亚亚,贺锦红,常雯雯,何海锋,吴娜.施氮量对间作马铃薯植株氮素累积及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(2):142~149
施氮量对间作马铃薯植株氮素累积及产量的影响
Effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrogen accumulation and yield of intercropping potato plants
  
DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.02.20
中文关键词:  施氮量  间作  马铃薯  燕麦;氮素利用  产量
英文关键词:nitrogen application rate  intercropping  potato  oats  nitrogen utilization  yield
基金项目:国家自然科学基金 (31660376)
作者单位
蔡明 宁夏大学农学院, 宁夏 银川 750021 
刘吉利 宁夏大学资源环境学院, 宁夏 银川 750021 
杨亚亚 宁夏大学农学院, 宁夏 银川 750021 
贺锦红 宁夏大学农学院, 宁夏 银川 750021 
常雯雯 宁夏大学资源环境学院, 宁夏 银川 750021 
何海锋 宁夏大学农学院, 宁夏 银川 750021 
吴娜 宁夏大学农学院, 宁夏 银川 750021 
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中文摘要:
      针对宁夏南部山区马铃薯大面积连作,导致马铃薯氮素利用率低下以及晚疫病发病率高和用、养地矛盾突出等问题,于2018年5—10月在宁夏海原县开展田间试验,采用裂区试验设计,主处理为0、75、150、225 kg·hm-24个施氮水平(分别为N0、N1、N2、N3处理);副处理为2种种植模式(马铃薯单作和马铃薯‖燕麦),研究施氮量对间作马铃薯氮素积累及产量的影响。研究结果表明:单作马铃薯最大氮素累积速率出现在块茎形成期前后,间作马铃薯最大氮素累积速率出现在块茎膨大期前后,N2处理的氮素积累效果相对优于其他处理。单作马铃薯施氮150 kg·hm-2处理的氮素收获指数(NHI)分别较N0、N1、N2处理提高7.46%、8.54%、6.11%,间作马铃薯施氮150 kg·hm-2处理的NHI分别较N0、N1、N2处理高2.08%、8.87%、2.40%,间作模式下氮肥农学利用率(AE)、氮肥生理利用率(PE)、氮肥利用率(NUE)均高于单作,并且施氮150 kg·hm-2处理的AE、PE、NUE分别较N1和N3处理高33.98%、49.08%,41.83%、85.53%,55.15%、94.83%,各施氮处理间PE、NUE差异显著(P<0.05),种植模式间氮肥农学利用率差异极显著(P<0.01)。随施氮量的增加,单作模式下,各施氮处理马铃薯产量分别比不施氮对照增加1.73%、10.29%、3.97%;间作模式下,各施氮处理马铃薯产量分别比不施氮对照增加8.68%、31.23%、15.33%;在施氮水平与间作种植模式交互作用下,马铃薯产量差异显著(P<0.05),间作马铃薯的施肥增产效果明显优于单作。
英文摘要:
      Aiming at the large scale continuous cropping of potato in the mountain area of southern Ningxia, the problem was obvious for low nitrogen utilization rate of potato, high incidence of late blight, and prominent contradiction of land use. A split experiment was used and the main treatment included four nitrogen application levels at 0, 75, 150, and 225 kg·hm-2, and the secondary treatment was potato single and potato oat intercropping. The effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrogen accumulation and yield of potato were studied. The results showed that the maximum nitrogen accumulation rate of potato was observed near the tuber formation stage while the maximum nitrogen accumulation rate of intercropping potato appeared near the tuber expansion stage. The nitrogen accumulation effect of 150 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application was better than that of other treatments. Under 150 kg·hm-2of potato single cropping treatment, NHI was higher than other treatments by 7.46%, 8.54%, and 6.11%, respectively. Under 150 kg·hm-2 of inter cropping treatment, NHI was higher than other treatments by 2.08%,8.87%, 2.40%, respectively. Compared with 75 kg·hm-2 and 225 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application,AE, PE and NUE of 150 kg·hm-2 were higher than other treatments by 33.98%, 49.08%, and 41.83%, 85.53%, and 55.15%, 94.83%, respectively, under intercropping condition. The difference was significant between nitrogen treatments in PE and NUE (P<0.05) and the AE was extremely significant difference under the intercropping mode (P<0.01).Compared with the control, the yield of nitrogen\|treated potato increased by 1.73%, 10.29%, and 3.97%, respectively, under single cropping mode with the increase of nitrogen application rate, while, under the intercropping mode, the yield of nitrogen\|treated potato increased by 8.68%, 31.23%, and 15.33%, respectively. Under the interaction of nitrogen application rate and intercropping planting pattern, yield of potato was significantly different (P<0.05).The effect of fertilization and yield increase of intercropped potato was greater than that of single cropping obviously.
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