氮、磷、钾及其配施对制种玉米养分吸收利用的影响

郭世乾; 崔增团; 师伟杰; 程红玉; 肖让; 肖占文; 赵芸晨; 曹建祖

郭世乾,崔增团,师伟杰,程红玉,肖让,肖占文,赵芸晨,曹建祖.氮、磷、钾及其配施对制种玉米养分吸收利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(2):221~226

氮、磷、钾及其配施对制种玉米养分吸收利用的影响

Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and their combined application on nutrient absorption and utilization of seed maize

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.02.31

中文关键词: 制种玉米氮、磷、钾肥配施产量肥料利用率

英文关键词:maize seed production N, P, K fertilizer combined application of fertilizer yield fertilizer utilization efficiency

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(41867010); 校地合作横向课题(H2018005);甘肃省高等学校科研项目(2016A-078)

作者	单位
郭世乾	甘肃省耕地质量建设保护总站，甘肃兰州 730020
崔增团	甘肃省耕地质量建设保护总站，甘肃兰州 730020
师伟杰	张掖市甘州区农业技术推广中心，甘肃张掖 734000
程红玉	河西学院农业与生态工程学院,甘肃张掖 734000
肖让	河西学院土木工程学院，甘肃张掖 734000
肖占文	河西学院农业与生态工程学院,甘肃张掖 734000
赵芸晨	河西学院农业与生态工程学院,甘肃张掖 734000
曹建祖	河西学院农业与生态工程学院,甘肃张掖 734000

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中文摘要:

采用随机区组试验，设不施肥（CK）、缺氮（PK , P2O5∶K20=138∶72）、缺磷（NK, N∶K₂₀=448.5∶72）、缺钾（NP, N∶P₂O₅ =448.5∶138）、氮磷钾配施（N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O=448.5∶138∶72）5个处理，研究河西地区氮、磷、钾及其配施对制种玉米养分吸收、肥料利用率和产量的影响。结果表明：氮磷钾配施（NPK）对制种玉米生物量的累积有明显促进作用，增产效果显著，产量达到9 834.0 kg·hm^-2，缺氮(PK)、缺磷(NK)、缺钾（NP）处理产量分别较氮磷钾配施（NPK）降低6.06%、10.07%和4.88%。产量的主要限制因子依次为磷、氮和钾。氮磷钾配施处理的氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别为22.64%、26.82%和60.10%，氮、磷、钾肥农学效率分别为N 1.33 kg·kg^-1，P₂O₅ 7.17 kg·kg^-1，K₂O 6.66 kg·kg^-1。因此，河西地区制种玉米生产中应重视磷、钾肥的施用, 加强氮肥的节肥增效管理。

英文摘要:

A randomized block experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and their combined application on nutrient absorption, fertilizer utilization efficiency, and yield of seed maize production. The experiment included no fertilizer (CK), N deficiency (PK), P deficiency (NK), K deficiency (NP), combination N, P, and K (NPK). The results showed that the combined N, P, and K application obviously promoted biomass accumulation and yield of maize seed production, the yield of NPK treatment reached 9 834.0 kg·hm^-2, the yields of N deficiency (PK), P deficiency (NK), and K deficiency (NP) treatments decreased by 6.06%, 10.07%, and 4.88%, respectively, compared with NPK treatment. The limiting factors of yield were P, N, and K in order. The utilization efficiency of N, P, and K fertilizer under NPK treatment were 22.64%, 26.82%, and 60.10%, respectively. The agronomic efficiency of N, P, and K fertilizer was 1.33 kg·kg^-1 of N, 7.17 kg·kg^-1 of P₂O₅, and 6.66 kg·kg^-1 of K₂O, respectively. Therefore, we should pay attention to the application of P and K fertilizer and strengthen the management of N fertilizer for maize seed production in Hexi region.

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