| 顾佳悦,方伟,高竞,严淑娴,冯歌林,刘彩霞,徐秋芳.应用岩棉材料提高丘陵区经济林土壤水分保蓄能力[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(3):10~18 |
| 应用岩棉材料提高丘陵区经济林土壤水分保蓄能力 |
| Improving soil water retention capacity of economic forest using rock wool in hilly area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.03.02 |
| 中文关键词: 岩棉 土壤水分保蓄 经济林 季节性干旱 丘陵区 |
| 英文关键词:rock wool soil moisture conservation economic forests seasonal drought hilly areas |
| 基金项目:浙江省科学技术重点研发计划项目（2015C02013）；浙江省省院合作林业科技项目（2017SY01） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为缓解无灌溉丘陵区土壤季节性干旱问题，以岩棉为供试材料，通过室内模拟结合野外林地试验，研究了岩棉对不同质地土壤的增水潜力、岩棉水分扩散能力、岩棉材料对不同坡位土壤水分保蓄能力以及对山核桃林地土壤水分保蓄和油菜生长的影响，以期探索出一种新型实用的土壤水分保蓄技术。室内模拟试验结果表明，供试岩棉最大容积持水量为64.64%；分析了岩棉应用于松砂土、砂壤土、中壤土和轻粘土等4种不同质地土壤的保水潜力，土壤最大容积有效含水量分别增加54.02%、50.67%、41.41%和50.31%。将吸水饱和岩棉埋入风干土壤中，水分在垂直和水平方向均有扩散作用，并在一定时间内达到相对稳定状态。距岩棉垂直方向和水平方向5 cm处最高土壤含水量分别为27.89%和20.67%，10 cm处土壤最高含水量分别为13.13%和13.00%，由此建议，岩棉埋设位置距离根系不宜太远。林地试验表明，岩棉对红豆杉林地不同坡位土壤均能充分发挥水分保蓄作用，持续晴天无雨时，红豆杉林地上、下坡位土壤含水量顺序为岩棉附近>岩棉地植物根附近>无岩棉地（对照）。久旱和雨后山核桃林地岩棉附近土壤含水量比无岩棉地分别提高29.19%和23.39%（P<0.05）；油菜生长宽度范围为80 cm，岩棉保水影响范围是岩棉自身宽度的5倍之多；与无岩棉对照相比，埋设岩棉处油菜植株（开花期）的地茎、株高、叶面积和单株鲜重等指标分别提高了58.63%、62.85%、65.66%和44.51%（P<0.05）。在土壤中合理使用岩棉材料是解决无灌溉丘陵区土壤季节性干旱问题的有效措施之一。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore a novel and practical way to conserve soil moisture and alleviate the seasonal drought of soil in hilly area where irrigation is not available, rock wool (RW) was used as the test material. The water increasing potential of RW in different texture soil, the diffusing capacity of water absorbed by RW in soil, the water\|holding capacity of RW on different slope positions, and the effects on the growth of rapeseed in Carya cathayensis forest were studied through indoor simulation and field woodland experiments. Indoor simulation experiment results showed that the maximum volumetric water holding capacity of RW was 64.64%. When soil was replaced with RW, the water\|holding capacity characteristic of maximum effective water content (v%) increased by 54.02%, 50.67%, 41.41%, and 50.31% for loose sand, sandy loam, neutral loam, and light clay soil, respectively. The water diffusing speed from water\|saturated RW in soil reached a steady level in both vertical and horizontal directions. The maximum soil moisture content at the point of 5 cm apart from water\|saturated RW was 27.89% and 20.67% for vertical and horizontal directions respectively, and at 10 cm was 13.13% and 13.00%, respectively. Therefore, it was suggested that the embedding position of RW should be close to the roots. The forestland experiment showed that RW played a great role on soil water conservation in different slope of Taxus chinensis forest land. The soil moisture content of different points was following the order: near RW > near plant roots of RW > non\|RW (control) at both up and down slopes of T. chinensis forest during continuous sunny days. The soil moisture content near RW was 29.19% and 23.39% higher than that of non\|RW woodland in C. cathayensis woodland after long\|term drought and rain (P<0.05), respectively. The width of the base distribution of rapeseed was measured to be 80 cm, which was more than five times of RW itself. The stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, and fresh weight of flowering rape plants in buried RW land were 58.63%, 62.85%, 65.66%, and 44.51% higher than those in non\|RW land (P<0.05), respectively. It was concluded that using RW material was one of the effective measures to solve the problem of the seasonal drought in hilly land without irrigation. |
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