曾文静,陈奋奇,庄泽龙,丁永福,彭云玲.不同外源调节物质对不同耐旱性玉米自交系的干旱缓解效应分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(3):55~63
不同外源调节物质对不同耐旱性玉米自交系的干旱缓解效应分析
Mitigation effect analysis of different exogenous regulatory substances on different drought\|tolerance maize inbred lines under drought stress
  
DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.03.08
中文关键词:  玉米自交系  耐旱性  外源甜菜碱  外源脯氨酸  干旱胁迫  缓解效应
英文关键词:maize inbred line  drought tolerance  exogenous GB  exogenous Pro  drought stress  mitigation effect
基金项目:伏羲“青年英才”项目(GAUFX-02Y09);甘肃省重大科技专项(17ZD2NA016)
作者单位
曾文静 甘肃农业大学农学院甘肃 兰州 730070 
陈奋奇 甘肃农业大学农学院甘肃 兰州 730070 
庄泽龙 甘肃农业大学农学院甘肃 兰州 730070 
丁永福 甘肃农业大学农学院甘肃 兰州 730070 
彭云玲 甘肃农业大学农学院甘肃 兰州 730070 
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中文摘要:
      以旱敏感玉米自交系TS141为试材,在苗期以20%PEG模拟干旱胁迫处理,添加5种不同浓度外源甜菜碱(GB)或脯氨酸(Pro),以蒸馏水和干旱胁迫分别作为正向(CK+)、负向(CK-)对照处理,筛选得到对玉米苗期干旱胁迫缓解效果最佳的处理浓度:30 μmol·L-1 GB或400 μmol·L-1 Pro。以最佳浓度外源GB或Pro对干旱胁迫下的耐旱玉米自交系昌7-2和旱敏感玉米自交系TS141幼苗进行处理,比较分析两种耐旱性不同玉米自交系的生长参数、生理特性、气孔特性及叶片解剖结构。结果表明:外源GB或Pro可有效缓解玉米幼苗干旱胁迫损伤,恢复生理生化代谢稳态,外源GB对干旱胁迫的缓解效应强于外源Pro;TS141在添加外源GB后各生长参数均显著升高且叶片细胞结构明显恢复并排列整齐,而添加外源Pro后苗长并未出现显著变化且叶片细胞结构未发现明显差异;昌7-2在添加外源GB后脯氨酸含量、SOD、POD、CAT活性分别下降47.01%、26.33%、15.00%、66.08%,但添加外源Pro后只分别下降27.74%、17.65%、11.45%、44.32%。此外,外源GB或Pro对旱敏感玉米自交系缓解效果更明显:在添加外源GB或Pro后TS141各生长参数均显著升高,而昌7-2只有根长出现显著性差异;添加外源GB后TS141的脯氨酸含量、SOD、POD、CAT活性分别降低46.22%、16.58%、35.24%、60.52%,而昌7-2其值分别降低47.01%、26.33%、15.00%、66.08%,均低于TS141。干旱胁迫下玉米自交系叶片通过减小木质部导管直径,降低导管系统水势,诱导气孔开度降低,减少水分丧失;干旱胁迫下花环型结构变形,维管束鞘细胞和韧皮部细胞的散乱排列,导致了玉米自交系对干旱胁迫的耐受性降低。
英文摘要:
      Drought\|sensitive maize inbred line TS141 was treated with five different concentrations of exogenous glycine betaine (GB) or proline (Pro)’s treatments under 20% PEG\|simulated drought stress at seedling stage, and distilled water treatment and drought stress treatment were used as positive (CK+) and negative (CK-) control checks.The optimum treatment concentration for maize seedling drought stress mitigation effect was selected: 30 μmol·L-1 of GB and 400 μmol·L-1 of Pro. The drought\|tolerant inbred line Chang 7-2 and drought\|sensitive inbred line TS141 were treated with optimum concentration of exogenous GB or Pro under drought stress. The drought tolerance difference of different drought\|tolerant maize inbred lines and the mitigation effects of exogenous GB or Pro were compared and analyzed from growth parameters, physiological characteristics, stomatal characteristics and leaf anatomical structure. The results showed that both exogenous GB and Pro alleviated the drought stress damage of maize seedlings and restored physiological and biochemical metabolic homeostasis. The mitigation effect of exogenous GB was greater than that of Pro under drought stress. After adding exogenous GB, the growth parameters of TS141 were significantly increased and the cell structure of the leaves was restored and arranged in order, while the seedling length did not change significantly after adding exogenous Pro, and no significant difference was found in the leaf cell structure; the proline content, SOD activity, POD activity and CAT activity of Chang 7-2 decreased by 47.01%, 26.33%, 15.00% and 66.08% respectively after adding exogenous GB, but only decreased by 27.74%, 17.65%, 11.45% and 44.32% respectively after adding exogenous Pro. In addition, exogenous GB or Pro had more effective alleviating effects on drought\|sensitive maize inbred line: The growth parameters of TS141 increased significantly after adding exogenous GB or Pro, while Chang 7-2 showed significant difference only in root length; after adding exogenous GB, the proline content, SOD activity, POD activity and CAT activity of TS141 decreased by 46.22%, 16.58%, 35.24% and 60.52% respectively, while Chang 7-2 decreased by 47.01%, 26.33%, 15.00% and 66.08% respectively, which were lower than TS141. Under drought stress, the leaves of maize inbred lines reduced the diameter of xylem vessel, thus reduced the water potential of the catheter system, induced the decrease of stomatal aperture, and reduced water loss. The deformation of the kranz anatomy, the scattered arrangement of bundle sheath cells, and vascular bundles cells led to a decrease in the tolerance of maize inbred lines to drought stress.
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