| 黄明,吴金芝,李友军,王贺正,付国占,陈明灿,张振旺.干旱对不同抗旱性小麦旗叶光响应特征和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(3):64~73 |
| 干旱对不同抗旱性小麦旗叶光响应特征和产量的影响 |
| Effects of drought on flag\|leaf photosynthetic characteristics to light and yield of wheat with different drought resistance |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.03.09 |
| 中文关键词: 干旱胁迫 小麦 旗叶 光响应曲线 产量 |
| 英文关键词:drought stress winter wheat flag leaf light\|response curve grain yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31801297）；国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0300400）；河南科技大学博士科研启动基金项目（13480082） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探讨干旱对不同抗旱性小麦品种的光响应差异及其对产量的影响，于2013—2014年和2014—2015年，在防雨棚池栽条件下以强抗旱性小麦品种晋麦47（JM47）和弱抗旱性小麦品种偃展4110（YZ4110）为材料，设置拔节后持续干旱（W1，50%±5%最大田间持水量（MFC））、开花后干旱（W2，拔节至孕穗期70%±5% MFC、开花后50%±5% MFC）和拔节后适墒（W3，75%±5% MFC）3个水分处理，研究不同处理对小麦旗叶净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和瞬时水分利用效率（IWUE）光响应曲线和产量性状的影响。结果表明，灌浆前期和灌浆中期小麦旗叶Pn、Gs、Tr和IWUE的光响应曲线均呈减幅增加甚至出现拐点后略有降低的趋势，Ci呈相反趋势。不同处理间Pn、Gs和IWUE的差异表现为灌浆前期大于灌浆中期，Gs的差异大于Ci。与W3相比，两品种W1和YZ4110品种W2的Pn、Gs、Tr 和IWUE光响应曲线降低，Ci光响应曲线提高；JM47品种W2的Pn、Gs和IWUE光响应曲线灌浆前期提高，灌浆中期降低；W1和W2的旗叶表观量子效率（α）、暗呼吸速率（Rd）和光补偿点（LCP）分别增加22.8%、40.5%、24.6%和12.0%、22.2%、12.4%，光饱和点（LSP）和最大光合速率（Pnmax）分别降低38.1%、3.0%和13.9%、6.0%。与YZ4110相比，W1和W2下JM47旗叶Pn、Gs、Tr光响应曲线的上升幅度、Ci光响应曲线的下降幅度大，Pnmax和灌浆前期的α值、LSP分别高26.1%、3.3%、8.1%和31.6%、4.7%、11.0%。而灌浆中期的Rd分别低9.2%和6.6%。W3处理两品种的产量无显著差异，而W1和W2处理JM47的两年平均产量分别较YZ4110提高18.8%和10.9%。旗叶Pnmax可作为小麦抗旱性强弱的筛选指标，提高灌浆前期的旗叶Pnmax有利于优化产量构成因素，而提高灌浆中期的旗叶Pnmax对提高产量更有利。综上，强抗旱性品种可在拔节后持续干旱或花后干旱的条件下优化旗叶光响应特征，使籽粒产量提高8.9%~24.9%。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to investigate the differences of light\|response of winter wheat with different drought resistance under drought stress and effects on wheat yield. A pool experiment under the rain\|proof shed condition was carried out with treatments including three soil moisture and two cultivars, to measure the response curves of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), and instantaneous water use efficiency (IWUE) of flag leaf to light and yield traits of wheat in the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The two tested cultivars were Jinmai47 (JM47) with strong drought resistance and Yanzhan4110 (YZ4110) with weak drought resistance. The soil moisture treatments included persistent drought after jointing stage (W1, irrigation to 50%±5% of maximum field capacity, MFC after joining), drought after anthesis stage (W2, irrigation to 70%±5% of MFC from jointing to booting, and irrigation to 50%±5% of MFC after anthesis), and well\|irrigation after jointing stage (W3, irrigation to 75%±5% of MFC after jointing). The light\|response curves of Pn, Gs, Tr, and IWUE in the flag leaves of wheat during the early and medium grain filling stage were damping increased and even slightly decreased after reaching the peak, but that of Ci showed an opposite tendency. The differences of vigorous treatments on the light\|response curves of flag leaf Pn, Gs, and IWUE during the early grain filling stage were greater than that during the medium grain filling stage, and the differences on Gs was greater than that on Ci. Compared with W3, the light\|response curves of flag leaf Pn, Gs, Tr, and IWUE in the two tested wheat in W1 and YZ4110 in W2 were decreased, but that of Ci increased; the light\|response curves of flag leaf Pn, Gs, and IWUE in JM47 in W2 were increased during the early grain filling stage but decreased during the medium grain filling stage. Compared with W3, the apparent quantum efficiency (α), dark respiration rate (Rd), light compensation point (LCP) were increased by 22.8%，40.5% and 24.6% in W1 and 12.0%,22.2%,12.4% in W2, respectively, but the light saturation point (LSP) and maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) were decreased by 38.1%,3.0% in W1 and 13.9%,6.0% in W2, respectively. The increase amplitude of light\|response curves of Pn and Gs and the decrease amplitude of light\|response curves of Ci in JM47 were higher than that in YZ4110 under W1 and W2 treatments, and the Pnmax and LSP during the two tested growth stages and the α value and LSP during the early grain filling stage in JM47 were 26.1%,3.3% and 8.1% higher in W1 and 31.6%, 4.7% and 11.0% higher in W2 than that in YZ4110, while the Rd during the medium grain filling stage was 9.2% lower in W1 and 6.6% lower in W2, respectively. There was no significant difference in grain yield between the two tested varieties under W3, while the average yield in JM47 in W1 and W2 increased by 18.8% and 10.9%, respectively, compared with YZ4110. The correlation analysis results showed that the flag leaf Pnmax could be used as a screening index of wheat drought resistance, and improved the flag leaf Pnmax during the early grain filling stage could help to increase grain yield and optimize yield components, while improving the flag leaf Pnmax during the medium grain filling stage was more beneficial to increase grain yield. Above all, the wheat with strong drought\|resistance could increase grain yield by 8.9%~24.9% through optimizing the flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics to light under the drought stress conditions after jointing or anthesis stages. |
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