| 郭鹏飞,葛新伟,王锐,孙权.有机肥对酿酒葡萄土壤微生物、酶活性及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(3):145~154 |
| 有机肥对酿酒葡萄土壤微生物、酶活性及产量的影响 |
| Effects of organic manure on soil microbial community, enzyme activity and yield of wine grape |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn81000-7601.2020.03.19 |
| 中文关键词: 有机肥 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 土壤有机质 酿酒葡萄 产量 |
| 英文关键词:organic fertilizer soil microorganism enzyme activity organic matter wine grape production |
| 基金项目:宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目（2019BCF01001,2018BBF02021,2017BN05） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确施用不同有机肥对土壤有机质、酶活性和微生物以及酿酒葡萄产量的影响，采用田间小区设计，以5 a生赤霞珠酿酒葡萄为试验材料，研究不同有机肥对土层0~20、20~40 cm和40~60 cm中土壤有机质、酶活性和微生物的影响。以不施用有机肥为对照（CK），设置沼渣（BR）、羊粪有机肥(SMOF)、牛粪有机肥（CMOF）、猪粪有机肥(PMOF)、牛粪+沼渣有机肥(CMOF+BR)5个处理进行大田试验。结果表明：不同有机肥施用后与CK相比，土壤有机质增加6.79%~44.97%，土壤微生物碳增加19.78%~91.53%，微生物氮增加2.22倍~3.93倍，碱性磷酸酶增加57.78%~512.55%，过氧化氢酶增加53.45%~240.48%，增产15.12%~46.89%。不同土层施用牛粪有机肥相对于其它有机肥处理土壤有机质含量增长8.49%~33.29%；土壤中微生物碳、氮的含量分别增加5.30%~42.46%和6.12%~49.65%；碱性磷酸酶增大8.01%～184.63%，过氧化氢酶增加5.14%～84.27%，脲酶提高25.58%～410.70%，蔗糖酶升高6.00%～107.65%；微生物总数增多5.99%～56.56%。施用牛粪有机肥相比较其它有机肥增产7.08%~27.60%。说明在宁夏地区施用有机肥可有效提高土壤有机质的含量，增加微生物的数量，增加土壤酶活性，促进酿酒葡萄的生长发育，提高产量，其中以牛粪效果最为显著。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to better understand the impacts of different organic fertilizers on soil organic matter, enzyme activity, microorganisms, and wine grape production, a field experiment was conducted and 5 a raw Cabernet Sauvignon wine grapes were used as test materials to study the effects of different organic fertilizers on soil organic matter, enzyme activity, and microorganisms in soil layers of 0~20, 20~40 cm, and 40~60 cm. The treatments included none\|organic fertilizer as the control (CK), biogas residue (BR), sheep manure (SMOF), cow manure (CMOF), pig manure (PMOF), and cow manure + biogas residue organic fertilizer (CMOF+BR). The results showed that compared with CK after application of different organic fertilizers, soil organic matter content increased by 6.79%~44.97%, soil microbial carbon increased by 19.78%~91.53%, microbial nitrogen increased by 2.22~3.93 times, and alkaline phosphatase increased by 57.78%~512.55%, catalase increased by 53.45%~240.48%, the grape yield increased by 15.12%~46.89%. Compared with other organic fertilizers treatments, the organic matter content of cow manure applied in different soil layers increased by 8.49%~33.29%; the content of microbial carbon and nitrogen in the soil increased by 5.30%~42.46% and 6.12%~49.65%, respectively; alkaline phosphatase increased by 8.01% to 184.63%, catalase increased by 5.14% to 84.27%, urease increased by 25.58% to 410.70%, invertase increased by 6.00% to 107.65%, and the total number of microorganisms increased by 5.99% to 56.56%. Compared with other organic fertilizers in this experiment, the application of organic manure from cow dung increased the yield by 7.08%~27.60%. It showed that the application of organic fertilizer in Ningxia area effectively increased the content of soil organic matter, increased the number of microorganisms, enhanced soil enzyme activity, promoted the growth and development of wine grapes, and increased yield. Among them, cow manure had the most significant effect. |
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