| 王锐,闫鹏科,马婷慧,齐雁冰,孙权.行内生草对土壤微环境和酿酒葡萄品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(3):195~203 |
| 行内生草对土壤微环境和酿酒葡萄品质的影响 |
| Effects of intra\|row planted grass on soil microenvironment and wine grape quality |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn81000-7601.2020.03.25 |
| 中文关键词: 行内生草 酿酒葡萄 品质 土壤微环境 贺兰山东麓 |
| 英文关键词:intra\|row planted grass wine grape quality soil microenvironment east foot of Helan Mountain |
| 基金项目:国家科技改革与发展专项(106001000000150012)；西夏区科技项目(2018PTSC)；宁夏农林科学院先导基金(NKYJ-18-25) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以宁夏贺兰山东麓主栽的6 a生酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’为研究对象，进行了连续2 a行内自然生草（CZR）和人工种植马齿苋（CMC）试验，以清耕（CK）为对照，研究行内生草对土壤温度、容重、总孔隙度、肥力、酶活性、微生物数量和酿酒葡萄果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明：CZR处理与CK处理相比，在酿酒葡萄幼果期、膨大期和成熟期5~25 cm土层平均土壤温度下降0.94、1.12℃和0.93℃，0~60 cm 土层平均土壤容重和总孔隙度分别下降2.23%和1.73%，脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别提高22.67%、30.26%、8.46%和66.65%，微生物数量提高34.97%；CMC处理与CK处理相比，在酿酒葡萄幼果期、膨大期和成熟期5~25 cm土层平均土壤温度分别下降1.82℃、2.02℃和1.38℃，0~60 cm 土层平均土壤容重和总孔隙度分别下降0.90%和2.87%，土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、全氮和全磷含量分别提高37.80%、52.67%、31.73%、31.17%、24.81%和21.13%，脲酶、蔗糖酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别提高72.08%、109.67%、14.93%和154.50%，微生物数量提高103.56%；行内生草对酿酒葡萄产量影响不显著，对改善浆果品质有显著作用，CZR和CMC处理较CK处理可溶性固形物含量分别降低1.33%和3.72%，可滴定酸、单宁、总酚和花色苷含量分别提高14.52%和16.13%、21.23%和25.82%、26.65%和24.41%、32.75%和41.16%。在旱区滴灌条件下，葡萄园连续2 a行内生草能够改善土壤物理性状，提升土壤肥力、土壤酶活性和微生物数量，对产量影响不显著，但有利于酿酒葡萄香气物质累积，能调节糖酸比，以行内种植马齿苋效果最优。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Taking the 6-year-old wine grape, Cabernet Sauvignon, which is mainly planted in Helan Mountain foothill of Ningxia, as the research object, the natural grass (CZR) and artificially planted purslane (CMC) were carried out continuously for 2 years, and clean tillage (CK) was used as a control. The effects of intra\|row planted grass on soil temperature, bulk density, total porosity, fertility, enzyme activity, microbial quantity, and wine grape yield and quality were studied. The results showed that compared with CK treatment, the CZR treatment decreased the average soil temperature in 5~25 cm soil layer of young fruit stage, expanding stage, and mature stage by 0.94℃, 1.12℃, and 0.93℃, respectively, the average soil bulk density and total porosity in the 0~60 cm soil layer by 2.23% and 1.73%, respectively, and increased urease activity, invertase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and catalase activity significantly by 22.67%, 30.26%, 8.46%, and 66.65%, respectively and the number of total microorganism by 34.97%. The CMC treatment decreased the average soil temperature in the 5~25 cm soil layer at young fruit stage, expanding stage, and mature stage by 1.82℃, 2.02℃, and 1.38℃, respectively, and the average soil bulk density and total porosity in the 0~60 cm soil layer by 0.90% and 2.87%, respectively. The soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased by 37.80%, 52.67%, 31.73 %, 31.17%, 24.81% and 21.13%, respectively. Urease activity, invertase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and catalase activity significantly increased by 72.08%, 109.67%, 14.93%, and 154.50%, respectively, and the number of total microorganism increased by 103.56%. Intra\|row planted grass had no significant effect on the yield of wine grapes, and had significant effect on improving the quality of grape. The content of soluble solids in grapes with CZR treatment and CMC treatment was 1.33% and 3.72% lower than that of CK treatment. Titratable acid, tannin, total phenol, and anthocyanin content increased by 14.52% and 16.13%, 21.23% and 25.82%, 26.65% and 24.41%, 32.75% and 41.16%, respectively, compared with that of CK treatment. Under the drip irrigation conditions in the arid area, through the continuous 2 years intra\|row planted grass research found that the intra\|row planted grass improved the soil physical properties, enhanced the soil fertility, increased the soil enzyme activity and the number of microorganisms. The effect of intra\|row planted grass on the yield of wine grapes was not significant. In addition, intra\|row planted grass was beneficial to the accumulation of aroma components of wine grape, adjusted the ratio of sugar to acid, the best effect of intra\|row artificially planting purslane. |
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