| 雷金银,何进勤,雷晓婷,周丽娜,余建军,纪立东,张慧,路芳.耕作措施对宁南山区缓坡地土壤团聚体及作物产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(3):245~250 |
| 耕作措施对宁南山区缓坡地土壤团聚体及作物产量的影响 |
| Effects of tillage on soil aggregates and crop yield on gentle slope lands in Southern Ningxia |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn81000-7601.2020.03.31 |
| 中文关键词: 耕作措施 土壤团聚体 玉米-马铃薯轮作 作物产量 |
| 英文关键词:tillage soil aggregates corn\|patato rotation crop yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41561059）；宁夏回族自治区科技支撑项目（2011ZYN156）；宁夏农林科学院全产业链创新示范项目（NZ13123） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨不同耕作措施对宁南山区缓坡耕地轮作体系土壤团聚体特征及作物产量的影响，在2015—2016年期间，开展了玉米-马铃薯轮作条件下传统平作（CK）、垄沟不覆膜(NH)、垄沟半覆膜(HP)和垄沟全覆膜（WP）4种不同耕作措施试验研究。结果表明：不同耕作措施对表层0~20 cm土壤机械稳定性团聚体和水稳性团聚体影响均较为显著，对20~40 cm土层影响不显著；CK、WP 和HP处理下0~20 cm土层范围内均为＞5 mm和2~5 mm土壤机械稳定性团聚体含量高，而NH处理下为1~2 mm和0.5~1 mm土壤机械稳定性团聚体含量高,分别为16.25%、13.38%。CK处理下＞5 mm土壤机械稳定性团聚体占比为30.99%，显著高于其他三种耕作方式，而NH处理下1~2 mm、0.5~1 mm和0.25~0.5 mm的土壤机械稳定性团聚体含量显著高于其他三种耕作方式。水稳性团聚体则表现为各处理＞5 mm所占比例急剧下降。CK处理下显著低于其他处理，含量为1.96%。土壤机械稳定性团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）在NH、HP和WP处理下表层0~20 cm和底层20~40 cm显著低于CK，土壤水稳性团聚体MWD和稳定率均高于CK。不同耕作措施表层0~20 cm土壤机械稳定性团聚体分形维数低于水稳性团聚体分形维数，由低到高的顺序均为：CK＜HP＜WP＜NH，分别为2.65，2.66，2.67，2.69和2.80，2.85，2.86，2.87。团聚体分形维数与水稳性团聚体MWD和稳定率具有一致性。相对于CK，NH、HP和WP分别增加产量10.5%、13.3%和39.2%。由此可知，农田耕作措施通过改变地表微环境能够影响土壤团聚结构的组成及其稳定性。同时，NH在改善土壤水稳性团聚体方面占优，但其增产作用并不突出，这种不同步性表明良好的土壤团聚体构建是长期持续的过程。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effects of tillage on the soil aggregate characteristics and crop yield under rotation system in the gentle slope lands in Southern Ningxia, four tillage measures including the traditional culture (CK), the furrow without film covered（NH), the half covered furrow with film (HP), and fully\|covered furrow with film (WP) were studied under corn\|potato rotation in 2015-2016. The results showed that different measures significantly affected the mechanically\|stable aggregates and water\|stable aggregates of 0~20 cm soil while the effects on 20~40 cm soil was not significant. The contents of mechanically\|stable aggregates > 5 mm and 2~5 mm of 0~20 cm soil were high under CK, WP, and HP treatments while the contents of mechanically\|stable aggregates of 1~2 mm and 0.5~1 mm were high under NH treatment，which were 16.25% and 13.38%, respectively. The content of mechanically\|stable aggregates was lowest under CK, and that of > 5 mm under CK treatment was 30.99%, which was significantly higher than the other three treatments, while that of 1~2 mm, 0.5~1 mm, and 0.25~0.5 mm under NH were significantly higher than the other tillage. The proportion of water\|stable aggregates > 5 mm decreased sharply under each treatment. Under NH, HP and WP treatment, in the 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil, the MWD of mechanically stable aggregates was significantly lower than CK, and the MWD of water\|stable aggregates were both higher than CK. Under different treatments, the fractal dimension of soil mechanically stable agglomerates in 0~20 cm soil was lower than that of water\|stable aggregates, and the order from low to high was: CK < HP < WP < NH, respectively, were 2.65, 2.66, 2.67, 2.69, and 2.80, 2.85, 2.86, 2.87. Compared to CK, yields under NH, HP, and WP increased by 10.5%, 13.3%, and 39.2%. It can be seen that tillage can affect the composition and stability of soil aggregates structures by changing the surface micro environment. At the same time, NH had an advantage in improving soil water\|stable aggregates, but its stimulation was not prominent. This asynchrony indicated that good soil aggregates construction forming needs a long\|term continuous process. |
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