| 唐凡,崔宁博,赵璐,郑顺生,龚道枝,胡笑涛,冯禹.滴灌水钾一体化对猕猴桃光合特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(4):10~18 |
| 滴灌水钾一体化对猕猴桃光合特性的影响 |
| The effect of water\|potassium integration in drip irrigation on the photosynthetic characteristics of kiwifruit |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.04.02 |
| 中文关键词: 猕猴桃 光合日变化 水钾一体化 滴灌 施钾量 |
| 英文关键词:kiwifruit diurnal variation of photosynthesis integration of water and potassium drip irrigation K fertilizer application |
| 基金项目:国家优秀青年科学基金（51922072）；国家自然科学基金（51779161,51009101）；四川省重点研发项目（2017NZ0022）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2018CDPZH-10，2016CDDY-S04-SCU，2017CDLZ-N22） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明不同滴灌水钾一体化管理对猕猴桃光合特性的影响，以8 a生金艳猕猴桃为试材，设置对照处理CK（在果实膨大期即III期、果实成熟期即IV期灌水量分别为31.2、26.4 m3·667m-2，施钾量分别为6.0、7.8 kg·667m-2），在III、IV期分别设置3个亏水水平（即轻度、中度、重度水分亏缺，记为LD、MD、SD，灌水量分别为CK的80%、60%、40%）和2个施钾水平（即低钾、高钾，记为LK、HK，施钾量分别为CK的60%和80%）。结果表明：果实膨大期、果实成熟期不同滴灌水钾一体化处理的光合指标日变化趋势相似；LD处理下叶片净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、瞬时水分利用效率（WUEi）、羧化速率（CE）均随施钾量增加而增大，果实膨大期LDHK处理的Pn、CE较LDLK处理分别高15.71%、16.80%，果实成熟期LDHK处理的Pn、Gs较LDLK处理分别高6.07%、12.76%，差异达显著水平（P<0.05）；SD处理下，除胞间CO2浓度（Ci）外各光合指标均较CK显著下降（P<0.05）；MD处理下，除Ci、WUEi外各光合指标均较CK显著下降（P<0.05）；施钾量一定时，除Ci、WUEi外各指标均随灌水量增加而显著增大（P<0.05），增幅为11.42%~64.40%；与CK处理相比，果实膨大期LDHK处理Pn提高11.38%（P<0.05），WUEi提高3.06%，CE提高10.83%；IV-LDHK处理Pn提高0.96%，WUEi提高2.00%。综合比较采用果实膨大期LDHK处理及果实成熟期LDHK处理，可在相应生育期节水节肥20%，日光合能力较强，是猕猴桃较适宜的滴灌水钾一体化管理模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to find out the effect of different water\|potassium (K) integrated management on kiwifruit photosynthesis, the Jinyan kiwifruit for 8 years was selected as the test material. There was a control treatment with irrigation amount of 31.2 m3·667m-2 and 26.4 m3·667m-2 and K application of 6.0 kg·667m-2 and 7.8 kg·667m-2 (CK) at fruit expansion stage (III) and fruit maturity stage (IV), and 3 irrigation deficit levels including sever water deficit(SD), medium water deficit (MD), and light water deficit (LD) with irrigation amount was 40%, 60%, and 80% of CK, respectively, and 2 K fertilizer application levels (low K and high K of 60% and 80% of CK, respectively) were set at III and IV stages.The results showed that the diurnal variation trends of photosynthetic index were similar in the two growth stages under different water and K integrated drip irrigation treatments. Under the LD treatment, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi) and carboxylation rate (CE) of leaves increased with increasing the application amount of K. Pn and CE of III-LDHK are 15.71% and 16.80% higher than that of III-LDLK, Pn and Gs of IV-LDHK were 6.07% and 12.76% higher than that of IV-LDLK, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Under the SD treatment, except intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), all photosynthetic indexes decreased significantly compared with CK (P<0.05). Under the MD treatment, except Ci and WUEi, all photosynthetic indexes decreased significantly compared with CK (P<0.05). Under the same K application rate, except Ci and WUEi, the photosynthetic indexes increased significantly with increasing water irrigation (P<0.05), and the increase rate was 11.42%~64.40%. Compared with CK and Pn of III-LDHK treatment increased by 11.38% (P<0.05), WUEi increased by 3.06%; Pn of IV-LDHK increased by 0.96%, WUEi increased by 2.00%. In summary, under III-LDHK and IV-LDHK treatmetns, the photosynthetic capacity of kiwifruit was stronger, and saved the water irrigation and K fertilizer application by 20% at the corresponding growth stage, which was a more suitable integrated management mode of water and K for drip irrigation. |
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