| 何平如,张富仓,范军亮,侯翔皓,刘翔,张迎春,薛占琪.土壤水分调控对南疆滴灌棉花生长、品质及水分利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(4):39~46 |
| 土壤水分调控对南疆滴灌棉花生长、品质及水分利用的影响 |
| Effects of soil moisture regulation on growth, quality and water use of cotton under drip irrigation in Southern Xinjiang |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.04.06 |
| 中文关键词: 滴灌 棉花 土壤水分调控 生长 品质 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:drip irrigation cotton soil moisture regulation growth quality water use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFC0403303），国家自然科学基金（51979231） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对南疆地区水资源短缺、棉田水分利用效率低等问题，研究膜下滴灌条件下土壤水分下限调控对棉花生长、产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响。以棉花品种新陆中66号为材料，以田间持水量(FC)为土壤水分上限，棉花生育期设置85%FC(T1)、75%FC(T2)、65%FC(T3)、55%FC(T4)和45%FC(T5)5个土壤水分下限来调控土壤水分。结果表明：土壤水分下限的提升对株高和生物量有明显的促进作用, 土壤水分下限从 45%FC增至85%FC，棉花株高和生物量分别增加了25.80%和25.38%；随着土壤水分下限的降低，灌溉定额减少，T1处理灌溉定额最大（378 mm），T2、T3、T4、T5处理与之相比分别节水11.64%、33.07%、33.95%、46.83%；随着土壤水分下限的提升，棉花产量逐渐增大，但土壤水分下限过高，棉花单株有效铃数降低，产量增加不再明显，水分利用效率较低；土壤水分下限为75%FC时棉花单株有效铃数、单铃重增加，产量和水分利用效率分别达到7 146.4 kg·hm-2和1.40 kg·m-3；土壤水分调控对棉花纤维品质有显著影响，土壤水分下限越低，马克隆值越大，成熟度指数越高，断裂比强度和断裂伸长率减少，采用主成分分析法得出T2为棉花品质综合较优的处理。因此，建议在膜下滴灌方式下南疆盐碱地区棉花土壤水分下限控制在75%FC为宜，非生育期进行冬灌淋盐，冬灌定额为300 mm，生育期灌溉定额为334 mm，整个生育期灌水12次，灌水周期为8 d。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Considering the shortage of fresh water and the low water use efficiency of cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, an experiment was carried out to study the effects of lower limit regulation of soil water on growth, yield, quality, and water use efficiency of cotton under mulched drip irrigation. The No. 66 Xinluzhong was selected as the experiment variety, five lower soil water levels, which were 85%FC (T1), 75%FC (T2), 65%FC (T3), 55%FC (T4), and 45%FC (T5) were set, while FC, the field capacity, was used as the upper limit of soil water. The results showed that, the elevation in the lower soil water limit had an obvious promotion effect on plant height and biomass, as the lower soil water limit increased from 45%FC to 85%FC, the plant height and biomass of cotton increased by 25.80% and 25.38%, respectively. With the decrease in the lower soil water limit, the irrigation quota decreased gradually, compared with T1 treatment, which had the largest irrigation quota (378 mm), that of T2, T3, T4, and T5 treatment saves about 11.64%, 33.07%, 33.95%, and 46.83%, respectively; With increasing the lower soil water limit, the yield of cotton increased gradually, but the lower soil water limit was too large, the number of effective bolls per plant decreased, the yield increase was no longer significant, and the water use efficiency was low. When the lower soil water limit was 75%FC, the number of effective bolls per plant and the single boll weight increased, the yield and water use efficiency reached 7 146.4 kg·hm-2 and 1.40 kg·m-3, respectively. The soil water regulation had significant effect on cotton fiber quality, the lower the lower soil water limit, the greater the Micronaire value, the higher the maturity index, and the lower the breaking strength and elongation rate. Using principal component analysis obtained the comprehensive and better treatment of cotton quality (T2). It is suggested that the lower soil water limit under mulched drip irrigation of cotton in saline alkali area of Southern Xinjiang should be controlled at 75%FC, and the winter irrigation should be carried out to leach salt in non\|growing period. The winter irrigation quota should be 300 mm, the irrigation quota for growth period should be 334 mm, 12 times irrigation and 8 days cycle in the whole growth period. |
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