| 刘星,曹红霞,廖阳,周宸光.滴灌模式对黄土高原苹果树生长、产量及根系分布的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(4):57~66 |
| 滴灌模式对黄土高原苹果树生长、产量及根系分布的影响 |
| Effects of drip irrigation methods on the growth, yield and root distribution of apple trees on the Loess Plateau |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.04.08 |
| 中文关键词: 苹果树 滴灌 分根交替滴灌 根系分布 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:apple tree drip irrigation alternate root drip irrigation root distribution yield water use efficiency |
| 基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0400204）；陕西省水利厅科技计划项目（2020slkj-08） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以8 a生富士苹果为材料，设3种滴灌方式：分根交替滴灌（ADI）、单管滴灌（UDI）和双管滴灌（BDI），以及3个灌水量处理：高水（W1）、中水（W2）、低水（W3），通过大田试验，研究陕北黄土山地苹果区不同滴灌方式和灌水量对苹果地上部和地下部生物量、产量、水分利用效率等的影响。结果表明：苹果树在4个生长阶段的耗水量依次为果实膨大期（III）>开花坐果期（II）>萌芽展叶期（I）>果实成熟期（IV），处理间耗水量大小排序为W1＞W2＞W3，ADI处理在各灌水量下均比其他滴灌方式下的耗水量小；苹果树生长中期和后期新梢长度、粗度以及叶面积指数（LAI）随滴灌量增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势，ADI-W2处理苹果树的新梢粗度与长度以及LAI最大；苹果树根系主要分布在0~80 cm土层中，但主要集中分布于20~60 cm土层中，在2018年与2019年，ADI-W2处理根系干重密度在南北侧40~60 cm土层达到最大值(137.9 g·m-3，163.7 g·m-3)，吸收根长密度在南北侧40~60 cm土层达到最大值（820.1 m·m-3，959.9 m·m-3）；苹果树产量与生长后期的新梢长度、粗度、LAI有显著的正相关性，ADI-W2处理下产量和水分利用效率在2 a均为最高，在2019年分别达到 43 970.08 kg·hm-2，7.12 kg·m-3。综合考虑苹果新梢生长、根系分布、产量和水分利用效率等因素，建议最优的滴灌模式应是ADI-W2处理。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effect of different drip irrigation methods and irrigation rates on the growth and water consumption of apples in mountainous areas on the Loess Plateau and to provide a basis for decision\|making to achieve reasonable irrigation of apple orchards in the mountainous areas of Loess Plateau and improve water use efficiency, an experiment used 8 a raw apple（Fuji）as the material and three drip irrigation methods, alternate root drip irrigation (ADI), single\|pipe drip irrigation (UDI), and double\|pipe drip irrigation (BDI). There were three irrigation rate treatments including high (W1), medium (W2), and low water (W3). The effects of different drip irrigation methods and irrigation rates on biomass and yield of apple aboveground and belowground inthe field trials were investigated. The results showed that the water consumption of apple at four growth stages in the mountain area in northern Shaanxi was in the order of fruit expansion (III)>flowering and fruiting (II)>germination and leafing (I)> fruit ripening (IV). The order of water consumption was W1>W2> W3, and the water consumption of ADI treatment was the smallest compared with other drip irrigation methods.The length, thickness and LAI of the new shoots at the middle and later stages of apple growth showed an overall trend of increasing first and then decreasing with increasing drip irrigation. The ADI-W2 had the largest apple diameter, length of the new shoots, and growth of LAI at the middle and growing stages.Apple roots were mainly distributed in the 0~80 cm soil layer, but, mainly distributed in 20~60 cm soil layer. The soil layer of 40~60 cm reached the maximum value (137.9 g·m-3and 163.7 g·m-3), and the absorption root length density reached the maximum value in the soil layer of 40~60 cm on the north and south sides (820.1 m·m-3 and 959.9 m·m-3) in 2018-2019. There was a significant correlation between the yield of apple trees and the new length,thickness, and LAI at the later growth stage, as well as the root dry weight density of the 20~60 cm soil layer on the north and south sides and the root length density (p<0.05). The yield and efficiency of ADI-W2 were the highest in both years, reaching 43970.08 kg·hm-2 and 7.12 kg·m-3 in 2019, respectively. Considering the growth of new shoots, root distribution, yield and water use efficiency of apples, it is suggested that the optimal drip irrigation mode should be ADI-W2 treatment. This study can provide theoretical and technical reference for apple water management in mountainous areas in northern Shaanxi. |
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