叶澜涛,周青云,李松敏,马波,王航,尹林萍.滨海盐碱地覆膜和灌溉对玉米盐分离子分布及生物量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(4):74~83
滨海盐碱地覆膜和灌溉对玉米盐分离子分布及生物量的影响
Effects of plastic film\|mulching and irrigation on the salt ion distribution and biomass of maize in coastal saline\|alkali soil
  
DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.04.10
中文关键词:  滨海盐碱土  玉米盐分离子分布  干物质累积  覆膜  滴灌
英文关键词:coastal saline\|alkali soil  salt ion distribution of maize  dry matter accumulation  film\|mulching  drip irrigation
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51609170)
作者单位
叶澜涛 天津农学院水利工程学院天津 300384中美生态农业与水环境保护国际联合研究中心, 天津 300384天津市农业水利工程技术工程中心天津 300384 
周青云 天津农学院水利工程学院天津 300384中美生态农业与水环境保护国际联合研究中心, 天津 300384天津市农业水利工程技术工程中心天津 300384 
李松敏 天津农学院水利工程学院天津 300384中美生态农业与水环境保护国际联合研究中心, 天津 300384天津市农业水利工程技术工程中心天津 300384 
马波 天津农学院水利工程学院天津 300384中美生态农业与水环境保护国际联合研究中心, 天津 300384天津市农业水利工程技术工程中心天津 300384 
王航 天津农学院水利工程学院天津 300384中美生态农业与水环境保护国际联合研究中心, 天津 300384天津市农业水利工程技术工程中心天津 300384 
尹林萍 天津农学院水利工程学院天津 300384中美生态农业与水环境保护国际联合研究中心, 天津 300384天津市农业水利工程技术工程中心天津 300384 
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中文摘要:
      以玉米为试材,于2017—2018年在天津市滨海盐碱土进行了膜下滴灌试验, 分析了覆膜和灌溉对玉米盐分离子质量分布特征、玉米干物质的变化规律和产量的影响。结果表明:(1)覆膜和灌溉对玉米离子分布的影响显著,显著减小了根部Na+吸收质量,成熟期FI20处理比LI10小56%,从而减少了盐分对叶片的伤害;显著增大了茎部K+的积累质量,成熟期FI20处理比LI10高24%,提高了植物的耐盐性;显著增加了叶部Ca2+质量,苗期FI20处理比LI10高96%,促进作物幼根的生长和根毛的形成,改善了玉米体内的离子平衡,减轻了盐胁迫作用;显著增加了叶部Mg2+质量,拔节期FI20处理比LI10高136%,增强了植株叶片的光合作用,提高了植株的耐盐性。(2)玉米地上部和根系干物质重均随着生育期进程而增加,覆膜和灌溉改变了植物体内盐分离子质量,对玉米生物量的积累影响较大,成熟期FI20处理比LI10高1%~46%;对玉米根冠比(R/S)有显著影响,使生物量分配比例显著改变,成熟期根冠比(R/S)FI20处理比LI10小48%~52%。(3)利用2017年玉米试验数据采用Logistic曲线建立了干物质生长模拟方程,引入了盐分离子修正系数,拟合方程显著。利用2018年玉米试验数据对建立的玉米干物质盐离子模型进行了验证,各个处理的拟合曲线与其实测值都较接近;建立的干物质生长模型能够较好地模拟盐碱地玉米干物质的累积过程。综上,覆膜和灌水定额为20 mm的FI20处理对植株的盐离子调节作用最显著,提高了玉米的耐盐性,改变了生物量的分配比例,获得了适当的干物质累积量,产量最高。
英文摘要:
      In this experiment, maize was used as test material, and drip irrigation under film was conducted in Tianjin coastal saline\|alkali soil in 2017-2018. The effects of mulching and irrigation on the distribution characteristics of salt ion mass and the change of dry matter and yield in maize were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) Film mulching and irrigation had a significant effect on the change of ion quality in maize and significantly reduced the absorption quality of Na+ in roots. FI20 was 56% smaller than LI10 in maturity, thus, reducing the damage of salt to leaves. It significantly increased the accumulation mass of K+ in stems. FI20 was 24% higher than LI10 did in maturity, and improved the salt tolerance of plants. It also significantly increased the mass of Ca2+ in leaves. FI20 was 96% higher than LI10 at the seedling stage, promoted the growth of young roots and the formation of root hairs, improved the ion balance in maize and reduced the salt stress. It significantly increased the mass of Mg2+ in leaves and FI20 was 136% higher than LI10 in the jointing stage. It increased strengthen photosynthesis of leaves and enhanced salt tolerance of plants. (2) The dry matter weight of the aboveground and root increased with the extension of the growth period. Mulching and irrigation changed the mass of salt ions in the plant, and had a great influence on the accumulation of maize biomass. FI20 was 1%~46% bigger than LI10 in maturity. There was a significant influence on the ratio of root to crown (R/S) of maize, and changed the proportion of biomass distribution significantly. FI20 was 48%~52% smaller than LI10 in maturity. (3) The growth simulation equation of dry matter in 2017 was established by using logistic curve, and the salt ion correction coefficient was introduced, the fitting equation was significant. The salt ion model of maize was verified using the data of maize experiment in 2018. The fitting curves of each treatment were close to the measured values, which were in line with the change rule of logistic curve. The dry matter growth model can better simulate the accumulation process of dry matter of maize in saline\|alkali land. To sum up, the treatment of film mulching and irrigation of FI20 had the most significant effect on the salt ion regulation of the plant, improved the salt tolerance of maize, changed the allocation of biomass, obtained the appropriate dry matter accumulation, with the better yield.
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