| 杜兵杰,曹红霞,潘小燕,张泽宇.生物炭对亏缺灌溉下温室重壤土栽培番茄产量及品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(4):136~142 |
| 生物炭对亏缺灌溉下温室重壤土栽培番茄产量及品质的影响 |
| Effects of biochar on the tomato yield and quality in heavy loam soil in greenhouse under deficit irrigationin |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.04.17 |
| 中文关键词: 番茄 生物炭 亏缺灌溉 产量 品质 温室 |
| 英文关键词:tomato biochar deficit irrigation yield quality greenhouse |
| 基金项目:国家“863”项目（2013AA103004）;陕西省水利科技计划项目（2014S1kj-17）;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2452016074） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 探究生物炭对亏缺灌溉下温室重壤土栽培番茄产量和品质的影响，确定番茄产量和综合品质最优的灌水量及生物炭添加量，为重壤土地区温室番茄栽培提供灌水及生物炭施加依据。采用桶栽试验，设置3个生物炭添加量（0，3%，6%，按干土重的百分比计）和3个灌水水平（充分灌溉W1：75%~85%θf；中度亏缺W2：55%~65%θf；重度亏缺W3：40%~50%θf。θf为田间持水量），共9个处理。结果表明：无生物炭添加时，亏缺灌溉下番茄产量降低了13.8%~54.0%（P＜0.05），果实硬度、果色指数、VC、可溶性固形物、有机酸含量等营养品质指标均显著降低，果型指数、番茄红素则呈现增加的趋势，灌溉水利用效率在重度亏缺下降低了10.9%（P＜0.05）；在充分灌溉条件下添加生物炭，番茄产量和灌溉水利用效率分别提高了12.3%~22.0%和23.3%~28.6%，可溶性固形物含量降低了6.4%~17.7%（P＜0.05），对VC、番茄红素、有机酸含量及外观品质无显著影响；在亏缺灌溉条件下添加生物炭不利于增产，C1W3、C2W3处理产量较C0W3处理分别降低了37.6%（P<0.05）、17.1%（P>0.05），但外观品质指标、VC、可溶性固形物均有一定幅度的提升，对灌溉水利用效率的影响表现为低添加量时降低而高添加量时提高。综合分析表明，各灌水水平下添加生物炭均能提高番茄品质的综合排名，充分灌溉下生物炭低添加量效果较好，而亏缺灌溉下高添加量较优，尤其是C2W2处理，番茄品质综合排名可达到充分灌溉的效果。综合考虑番茄品质、产量及灌溉水利用效率，C1W1处理（灌水水平为75%~85%θf，施炭量为3%）为最优处理。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of biochar addition on the yield and quality of tomato cultivated in heavy loam soil under deficit irrigation in greenhouse, to determine the optimal amount of irrigation and biochar addition for the optimal yield and comprehensive quality of tomato,and to provide a theoretical basis for irrigation and biochar application for greenhouse tomato cultivation in heavy loam areas. Nine treatments including 3 biochar additions(0, 3%, and 6% of dry soil weight)and 3 irrigation levels:full irrigation(W1:75%~85%θf), moderate deficit irrigation (W2:55%~65%θf),and severe deficit irrigation(W3:40%~50%θf,θf is the field water capacity) were set up in a bucket experiment. The results showed that the yield decreased by 13.8%~54.0%, and hardness, fruit shape index, vitamin C, soluble solids, and organic acid content of tomato significantly decreased under deficit irrigation without biochar addition, while the fruit shape index and lycopene content showed an increasing trend. Irrigation water use efficiency significantly decreased by 10.9% under severe deficit irrigation. The biochar addition increased yield and irrigation water use efficiency by 12.3%~22.0% and 23.3%~28.6%, respectively, but had no significant effect on VC, lycopene,soluble solids, and appearance quality index under full irrigation. The content of soluble solids significantly decreased by 6.4%~17.7% under full irrigation with biochar addition. The biochar addition wasn’t conducive to the yield improvement under deficit irrigation condition. Compared with C0W3, the yields of C1W3 and C2W3 treatments decreased by 37.6% and 17.1% (P>0.05), respectively,while the appearance quality index, VC, and soluble solids were improved to a certain extent. The irrigation water use efficiency decreased with low biochar addition amount and increased with high biochar addition amount under deficit irrigation. The results of comprehensive analysis showed that adding biochar under all irrigation treatments could optimize the comprehensive ranking of tomato, and the treatment with low biochar addition under full irrigation performed better, while high biochar additionwas better under deficit irrigation, especially, under C2W2 treatment. Also, the comprehensive ranking of tomato achieved the result of full irrigation without the biochar addition. In conclusion, the C1W1 treatment (when the irrigation level was 75%~85%θf and the addition amount of biocharwas 3%) resulted the bestin comprehensive evaluation through the comprehensive consideration of comprehensive principal components of quality, yield, and irrigation water use efficiency. |
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