| 郭涛,刘婉如,方玉川,李梅甜,谢奎,王飞,李霞,杜娟,姜文婷,邢英英,王秀康.水肥供应对马铃薯根层养分及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(4):143~151 |
| 水肥供应对马铃薯根层养分及产量的影响 |
| Effect of water and fertilizer supply on potato root layer soil nutrient and tuber yield |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.04.18 |
| 中文关键词: 灌水量 施肥量 马铃薯 硝态氮 铵态氮 碱解氮 产量 |
| 英文关键词:irrigation amount fertilization amount potato nitrate nitrogen ammonium nitrogen alkaline nitrogen yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51809224, 51669034）；延安大学研究生教育创新计划项目（YCX201929，YCX2020072） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以陕北地区普遍种植的马铃薯品种荷兰15号为供试材料，设置灌水水平和施肥量两因素，研究水肥供应对马铃薯根层养分及产量的影响。以100%ET0（W1）和当地推荐施肥量（F1，N-P2O5-K2O为240-120-300 kg·hm-2）为基础，3个灌水量处理分别为W1，W2（80%ET0）和W3（60%ET0），3个施肥水平分别为F1，F2（75%F1）和F3（50%F1），以60%ET0灌水水平和不施肥处理为对照组（CK），共10个处理。结果表明：不同水肥供应对马铃薯各生长阶段耗水量及水分利用效率有显著的影响，随着灌水量增加，土壤水分逐渐向下层迁移；在马铃薯整个生育期，W3F2处理水分利用效率最高，为44.69 kg·hm-2·mm-1，其次为W2F2(44.41 kg·hm-2·mm-1),比CK分别高39.64%和38.75%;W3F1处理在10~60 cm土层硝态氮含量平均值最高，比CK高166.1%，W2F2在10~60 cm土层铵态氮含量平均值最高，比CK高61%，W3F3在10~60 cm土层电导率平均值最高，比CK增高48.44%。W2F2处理的土壤养分含量较高，主要集中在10~30 cm土层；W2F2处理的产量最高，为12 539.33 kg·hm-2，比CK处理的产量高55.65%，且变异系数小。因此，该地区推荐的灌水量为80%ET0，施肥量N-P2O5-K2O为180-90-225 kg·hm-2。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Holland No.15 which is widely planted in Northern Shaanxi Province as the test material,set the two factors of irrigation level and fertilizer rate, based on full irrigation (W1, 100%ET0) and local recommended fertilizer rate (F1, N-P2O5-K2O is 240-120-300 kg·hm-2), and the three irrigation amounts are respectively W1, W2 (80%ET0) and W3 (60%ET0), the three fertilization levels are F1, F2 (75%F1) and F3 (50%F1) respectively, with 60% ET0 irrigation level and no fertilization treatment as control group (CK), a total of 10 treatments. The results showed different water and fertilizer supply had a significant effect on water consumption and water use efficiency at each growth stage of potato. With the increase of irrigation water, soil water gradually moved to the lower layer.In the whole growth period of potato, W3F2 treatment has the highest water use efficiency, 44.69 kg·hm-2·mm-1, followed by W2F2 (44.41 kg·hm-2·mm-1), which is 39.64% and 38.75% higher than CK, respectively; W3F1 treatment has the highest average nitrate nitrogen content in 10～60 cm soil layer, 166.1% higher than CK, W2F2 has the highest average ammonium nitrogen content in 10～60 cm soil layer, 61% higher than CK, W3F3 has the highest average conductivity in 10～60 cm soil layer, 48.44% higher than CK. The soil nutrient content of W2F2 treatment was higher, mainly concentrated in the 10～30 cm soil layer; the highest yield of W2F2 treatment was 12 539.33 kg·hm-2, which was 55.65% higher than that of CK treatment, and the coefficient of variation was small. Therefore, the recommended irrigation amount in this region is W2(80%ET0), and the amount of fertilizer of N-P2O5-K2O is 180-90-225 kg·hm-2. |
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