马冬青,佟玲,吴宣毅,李德智,杨胜举,王璐.不同种植密度和土壤水分条件下大田玉米冠层光结构分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(4):259~265
不同种植密度和土壤水分条件下大田玉米冠层光结构分析
Analysis of canopy light structure of maize with different planting density and soil water conditions
  
DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.04.33
中文关键词:  玉米  种植密度;水分亏缺;冠层;光合有效辐射
英文关键词:maize  planting density  water deficit  canopy  photosynthetically active radiation
基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0400207);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201503125)
作者单位
马冬青 中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心北京 100083农业农村部作物高效用水武威科学观测实验站甘肃 武威 733000 
佟玲 中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心北京 100083农业农村部作物高效用水武威科学观测实验站甘肃 武威 733000 
吴宣毅 中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心北京 100083农业农村部作物高效用水武威科学观测实验站甘肃 武威 733000 
李德智 中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心北京 100083农业农村部作物高效用水武威科学观测实验站甘肃 武威 733000 
杨胜举 中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心北京 100083农业农村部作物高效用水武威科学观测实验站甘肃 武威 733000 
王璐 中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心北京 100083农业农村部作物高效用水武威科学观测实验站甘肃 武威 733000 
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中文摘要:
      以石羊河流域普遍种植的玉米品种先玉335为供试材料,设置7万株·hm-2和10万株·hm-2两种种植密度,充分灌水(W1)、轻度亏缺(W2)、中度亏缺(W3)3种水分条件,测定不同层次冠层光合有效辐射的分布并分析冠层光结构指标在生育期的变化。结果表明:大田玉米下部冠层光分布较优,光结构指标数值约为上部冠层的1.1倍,整体而言,增大种植密度(10万株·hm-2)增强了冠层光能截获能力,光合有效辐射截获量(IPAR)在34.02~39.38 MJ·m-2·d-1,光合有效辐射截获率抽穗期~灌浆期较低密度条件下升高0.40%~4.67%;种植密度增大(10万株·hm-2)引起群体尺度上光结构的明显劣化,消光系数(K)约为低密度条件下的83%,光合有效辐射在冠层内的衰减不均衡;拔节期低密度种植(7万株·hm-2)促进光结构指标的改善,随生育期推进,尤其在抽穗期密植(10万株·hm-2)时下部冠层的光合辐射利用效率降低约50%,这与作物自下而上的叶片衰老及光衰减不均衡有关;密植条件下(10万株·hm-2),水分亏缺处理导致辐射利用率平均降低3%,冠层各项指标受水分条件的影响较大。因此,为改善大田玉米冠层光结构,在密植条件下确保生育期中后期的充分供水十分重要。
英文摘要:
      The canopy light structure is related to crop photosynthetic production. To explore the effects of planting density and soil water condition on the canopy light structure of maize, the “Xianyu 335”, which is commonly planted in the Shiyang River Basin, was used for field trials. Two plant densities,70,000 and 100,000 plants·hm-2, were set with three water conditions,sufficient irrigation (W1)and slightly deficit irrigation(W2), and moderately deficit irrigation(W3). AccuPAR plant canopy analyzer was used to determine photosynthetically active radiation at different levels of canopy and the change of canopy light structure indicators during growth period were analyzed. The results showed that the light distribution in the lower canopy of field maize was better than in other locations, and the light structure index value was about 1.1 times of that of the upper canopy. On the whole, increasing the planting density (100 000 plants·hm-2) enhanced the ability of light interception, and the photosynthetic effective radiation interception (IPAR) was 34.02~39.38 MJ·m-2·d-1, photosynthetically active radiation interception rate increased by 0.40%~4.67% at the lower density condition from heading stage to filling stage. Increasing planting density (100 000 plants·hm-2) caused significant degradation of the light structure at the population scale and unbalanced attenuation of photosynthetic effective radiation in the canopy. The extinction coefficient (K) was 83% of that with the low density (70,000 plants·hm-2). At the jointing stage, the photosynthetic structure indicators were improved at low planting density. With the growth period, the photosynthetic radiation utilization efficiency of the lower canopy decreased by about 50% with the dense planting at the heading stage, especially, in dense planting (100,000 plants·hm-2), which was related to the senescence of the leaves of the maize from bottom to top and uneven attenuation in canopy. Under dense planting conditions, water deficit led to an average reduction of 3% in radiation utilization,and various light structure indicators of the canopy were greatly affected by the soil water conditions. Therefore, to improve the canopy light structure of field maize, it is very important to ensure adequate water supply in the middle and late growth stages under dense planting conditions.
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