| 严惠敏,周铭瑞,徐志鹏,王清颐,刘健峰,周杨阳,王乃江,丁奠元.播期对江苏省冬小麦产量及其构成的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(4):293~302 |
| 播期对江苏省冬小麦产量及其构成的影响 |
| Effect of sowing date on winter wheat yield and yield composition in Jiangsu Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.04.37 |
| 中文关键词: 播期 冬小麦 产量 产量性状 气候变化 晚播 Meta分析 |
| 英文关键词:sowing date spike number climate change late\|sowing meta\|analysis |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51709233）；中国博士后科学基金（2018M632391）；江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目（17KJD416002） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以江苏省冬小麦播期为主要研究对象，利用近20年冬小麦大田播期试验数据相关文献，按照晚播天数、品性、区域、年代进行分组，利用Meta分析方法定量研究了播期变化对江苏省冬小麦产量及其产量构成的影响。结果表明：近20年江苏省冬小麦的播期随时间的推移总体呈现出延迟的趋势，约5.5 d·10a-1，苏北和苏南地区冬小麦均在晚播18~22 d开始出现减产趋势，苏中地区冬小麦在晚播23~27 d开始出现减产趋势；整体上江苏省晚播13~17 d左右的冬小麦有显著增产效应，增产达3.1%（95%置信区间0.4%～5.8%），晚播18~22 d及以上时，冬小麦产量开始呈现减产趋势。随着年代不断向后推移，晚播的减产效应出现的越来越早。2000—2010年，晚播23~27 d开始出现减产趋势；2011—2017年，晚播18~22 d开始出现减产趋势；（弱）春性冬小麦从晚播18~22 d开始出现减产效应，（半）冬性冬小麦从晚播8~12 d开始出现减产趋势，冬小麦的选择偏于春性化。Meta分析的数据中，冬小麦穗数对产量的影响更大（P＜0.05，R2＝0.3166）。适当晚播是江苏省稳定冬小麦产量，适应气候变化的有效手段，其主要是通过影响晚播小麦穗数进而影响冬小麦产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Winter wheat sowing date in Jiangsu Province was taken as the main research object. Field experimental data for sowing dates of winter wheat came from references within recent 20 years. The data was grouped according to delayed time in sowing, wheat cultivar, planting regions, and growing years. Then, the meta\|analysis method was used to quantify effects of sowing date changes on winter wheat yield and yield composition. The results showed that the sowing date in Jiangsu Province in the past 20 years showed a delaying trend with 5.5 d·10a-1. Winter wheat in northern Jiangsu and southern Jiangsu began to decrease in yield after 18~22 d of late sowing, and winter wheat in central Jiangsu began to decrease in yield after 23~27 d of late sowing. Compared with yields of the normal sowing date, wheat yields with sowing date delayed 13~17 d had a significantly increasing trend with a 3.1% yield increase (95% confidence interval, 0.4%~5.8%), and wheat yields showed a significant decreasing trend when the sowing date was delayed more than 18~22 d. With the development of the year, the effect of late sowing on yield reduction appears earlier and earlier. From 2000 to 2010, the trend of production reduction began to appear after 23~27 d of late broadcasting; From 2011 to 2017, the trend of production reduction began to appear after 18~22 d of late broadcasting. The yield of (weak) spring winter wheat began to decrease after 18~22 d of late sowing, while that of (semi) winter wheat decreased after 8~12 d of late sowing, and the selection of winter wheat tended to be vernalization. In the data of meta\|analysis, yields of winter wheat was highly dependent on spike number (P<0.05,R2=0.3116). The spike number of winter wheat played a dominance role in yield composition when the sowing date was delayed. Late\|sowing of winter wheat could be used to adapt with climate change in Jiangsu Province. |
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