程立平,林文,王亚萍,刘文兆.深层土壤水分对黄土塬区旱作冬小麦耗水的贡献[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(5):136~142
深层土壤水分对黄土塬区旱作冬小麦耗水的贡献
Contributions of soil water in deep soil layers to water consumption of dryland winter wheat on the Loess Tableland
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.05.20
中文关键词:  旱作冬小麦  水分来源  耗水贡献率  稳定同位素  黄土塬区
英文关键词:dryland winter wheat  moisture source  contribution rate of water consumption  stable isotope  Loess tableland
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41771036；41401015)
作者单位
程立平 平顶山学院，河南 平顶山 467000 
林文 山西农业大学农学院，山西 太谷 030801 
王亚萍 西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室，陕西 杨凌 712100 
刘文兆 西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室，陕西 杨凌 712100 
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中文摘要:
      为研究不同土层尤其是深层土壤水对冬小麦耗水的贡献，本文首先对长武黄土塬区300 cm深度土壤水人工标记氘水，并通过测定抽穗期、开花期、灌浆期和乳熟期小麦茎秆水δD值确定冬小麦是否能够利用300 cm深度以下土壤水分；其次通过测定小麦茎秆水、降水和不同土层土壤水δ18O值，分析降水以及不同深度尤其是300 cm以下土层土壤水对冬小麦耗水的贡献。结果表明：长武塬区降水分别贡献了旱作冬小麦抽穗期、开花期、灌浆期和乳熟期耗水的49.2%、30.2%、35.9%和38.2%，土壤水分别贡献了50.8%、69.7%、64.1%和61.8%。50~100 cm、100~150 cm、150~200 cm和200~300 cm土层土壤水贡献了冬小麦抽穗期耗水的17.9%、15.2%、10.0%和7.7%，开花期耗水的24.6%、18.8%、14.0%和12.4%，灌浆期耗水的19.5%，14.4%、10.0%和8.7%，乳熟期耗水的18.6%、13.2%、10.3%和8.3%。冬小麦茎秆水δD值变化表明，冬小麦自灌浆期开始利用300 cm深度以下土壤水分，300~400 cm土层土壤水贡献了冬小麦灌浆期和乳熟期耗水的11.4%和11.5%。可见，深层土壤水分对于冬小麦水分供给具有重要意义，因此生产实践中需要做好夏闲期蓄水保墒措施，以增加雨水入渗量和入渗深度，促使深层土壤水分恢复，保证土壤水库调蓄功能的持续发挥。
英文摘要:
      In order to study the contributions of water in different soil layers, especially deep soil, on the water consumption of winter wheat, the soil water at the depth of 300 cm was marked by deuterium water, and the δD values of wheat stem water at heading, flowering, filling, and milk\|ripening stages were measured to determine whether winter wheat can make use of the soil water below the depth of 300 cm in Changwu Loess Tableland. Additionally, we measured the δ18O values of wheat stem water, rainwater, and soil water in 0~400 cm soil profile to analyze the contribution rates of rainwater and soil water in different soil layers to water consumption of winter wheat. The results showed that the contribution rates of rainwater to wheat water consumption at heading, flowering, filling, and milk\|ripening stages were 49.2%, 30.2%, 35.9%, and 38.2%, respectively, and these of soil water were 50.8%, 69.7%, 64.1%, and 61.8%, respectively. The contribution rates of soil water stored in different soil layers (50~100 cm, 100~150 cm, 150~200 cm, and 200~300 cm depths) to wheat water consumption were 17.9%, 15.2%, 10.0%, and 7.7% at heading stage, 24.6%, 18.8%, 14.0%, and 12.4% at flowering stages, 19.5%, 14.4%, 10.0%, and 8.7% at filling stages and 18.6%, 13.2%, 10.3%, and 8.3% at milk\|ripening stage, respectively. The variation of δD values of stem water indicated that winter wheat began to use soil water storage below the depth of 300 cm since the filling stages. And the soil water stored in 300~400 cm deep contributed 11.4% and 11.5% to winter water consumption at filling and milk\|ripening stage, respectively. Overall, soil water storage in the deep layer was a significant water supply to dryland winter wheat in Loess Tableland. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective measures in water storage and conservation, as well as increase the amount and depth of rainwater infiltration during the summer fallow period in production practice, so as to promote the recovery of soil water in deep layer and maintain the sustainable regulation and storage function of soil reservoir.
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