| 雷宏军,肖哲元,肖让,杨宏光,潘红卫.水、肥、气耦合滴灌对温室番茄生长和品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(5):168~175 |
| 水、肥、气耦合滴灌对温室番茄生长和品质的影响 |
| Effect of water\|fertilizer\|gas coupled drip irrigation on greenhouse tomato growth and fruit quality |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.05.24 |
| 中文关键词: 温室番茄 水、肥、气耦合滴灌 土壤通气状况 生长 光合 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词:greenhouse tomatoes water\|fertilizer\|gas coupled drip irrigation soil aeration growth photosynthesis yield fruit quality |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（52079052，U1504512，41771256）；山东省重点研发计划重大科技创新工程项目（2019JZZY010710） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以温室番茄为对象，采用地下滴灌的供水方式，设置施氮量（低氮和常氮）、掺气处理（非曝气和循环曝气）和灌水量（低水量和高水量）3因素2水平随机区组试验，研究水、肥、气耦合滴灌对温室番茄生长与品质的影响。结果表明：循环曝气、高水量和常氮处理可有效促进番茄生长，表现为叶绿素含量增加和净光合速率增强，番茄地上部鲜重、产量提高和品质提升。其中株高和叶绿素含量曝气处理较非曝气处理平均增加9.81%和8.63%（P<0.05），高水量处理较低水量处理平均增加18.14%和11.44%（P<0.05），常氮处理较低氮处理平均增加6.58%和8.20%（P<0.05）。就地上部鲜重和产量而言，曝气处理较非曝气处理平均提高14.93%和22.91%（P<0.05），高水量处理较低水量处理平均提高27.10%和41.19%（P<0.05），常氮处理较低氮处理平均提高24.89%和40.87%（P<0.05）。株高、叶绿素含量、净光合速率与产量均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。可溶性固形物、Vc含量、可溶性蛋白质含量，曝气处理较非曝气处理平均提高16.73%、12.13%、11.59%，总酸含量平均降低11.44%（P<0.05）;高水量处理较低水量处理平均提高16.09%、17.60%、18.99%，总酸含量平均降低16.38%（P<0.05）;常氮处理较低氮处理平均增加12.65%、41.81%、28.03%，总酸含量平均降低7.97%（P<0.05）。本试验中，常氮高水量循环曝气处理（施氮量为180 kg·hm-2，灌水量为1 237 m3·hm-2，掺气比率为15%）是促进温室番茄生长和品质提升的适宜水、肥、气组合方案。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A two\|level randomized block experiment was conducted under greenhouse tomato cultivation with three factors including 2 nitrogen (N) application rates (135 kg·hm-2 and 180 kg·hm-2), 2 drip irrigation types (subsurface drip irrigation with conventional water and aerated water), and irrigation rates (824 m3·hm-2 and 1 237 m3·hm-2) to study the effects of water\|fertilizer\|gas coupled drip irrigation on tomato growth and fruit quality.The results showed that continuous aeration, high irrigation rate, and conventional N treatment promoted tomato growth,increased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate,improved tomato yield, fresh weight, and fruit quality.The aeration treatments increased by 9.81% and 8.63%, respectively, compared to the conventional drip irrigation (P<0.05), and the high irrigation rates increased tomato plant height and chlorophyll content 18.14% and 11.44%, respectively, compared to the low irrigation rates (P<0.05). The normal N application rate increased tomato plant height and chlorophyll content by 6.58% and 8.20%, respectively, compared to the low N application rate (P<0.05). For aboveground fresh weight and yield, the aeration treatments increased them by 14.93% and 22.91%, respectively, compared to the conventional drip irrigation (P<0.05), and the high irrigation rates increased by 27.10% and 41.19%, respectively, compared to the low irrigation amount (P<0.05), and the normal N application rate increased them by 24.89% and 40.87%, respectively, compared to the low N application rate (P<0.05). There were positive correlations between plant height, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and fruit yield (P<0.01). In terms of the average content of fruit soluble solids, Vc and soluble protein in aeration treatments increased by 16.73%,12.13%, and 11.59%, respectively, compared to the conventional drip irrigation. Total acid in fruit under aeration treatments decreased by 11.44% compared to the conventional drip irrigation (P<0.05). While the average value of fruit soluble solids,fruit total acid,Vc, and soluble protein with the high irrigation rates were increased by 16.09%,17.60%, and 18.99% compared to the low irrigation amount,and total fruit acid in the high irrigation volume decreased by 16.38% compared to the low irrigation amount (P<0.05). The average value of soluble fruit solids,Vc and soluble protein with the normal N application rate increased by 12.65%, 41.81%, and 28.03%, respectively, compared to the low N application rate,total fruit acid in the normal N application rate decreased by 7.97% compared to the low N application rate (P<0.05).Combination of 180 kg·hm-2,irrigation rates of 1 237 m3·hm-2 and air void fraction of 15% was an optimal scheme for water\|fertilizer\|gas coupled drip irrigation for tomato growth and fruit quality promotion. |
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