| 袁嘉玮,张健,王璐,张鹏飞,梁哲军,田时敏,薛琴琴,王爱玲,张战备,段国琪,杨印斌,王玉香.山西南部苹果花期冻害时空分布特征及综合防御技术[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(5):205~210 |
| 山西南部苹果花期冻害时空分布特征及综合防御技术 |
| Temporal and spatial distribution and comprehensive defense technology of freezing injury during apple bloom period in Southern Shanxi Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.05.29 |
| 中文关键词: 冻害 苹果花期 时空分布 综合防御 M-K检验 山西南部 |
| 英文关键词:freezing injury flowering stage of apple comprehensive defense temporal and spatial distribution M-K test Southern Shanxi |
| 基金项目:山西省农业科学院科技创新工程项目（YGC2019TD08）； 山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201903D211001-2) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 利用1997—2016年山西南部苹果主产县(市、区)苹果花期逐日最低气温及日平均气温观测资料，根据苹果花期冻害等级划分指标，采用最小二乘法对花期冻害日数进行线性倾向估计，并用Mann-Kendall非参数检验方法对花期冻害日数的变化趋势进行显著性检验，分析山西南部苹果花期冻害的时空分布特征。结果表明: 山西省南部苹果产区发生花期冻害日数年均为3.1 d，各县花期均温介于13.0℃~13.8℃之间。运城地区4月中上旬易发生冻害，临汾地区吉县与隰县4月下旬易发生冻害；山西南部苹果花期冻害日数近20 a气候倾向率为-0.666 d·（10 a）-1（P≤0.01），花期极端最低气温气候倾向率为0.165 d·（10 a）-1（P≤0.01），花期极端最低气温与冻害日数具有极显著负相关关系。山西南部苹果花期冻害日数突变点在2008年，且在2015年之后苹果花期冻害日数突破α=0.05显著性水平下限。对于苹果花期冻害的综合防御措施，可采用“以防为主，抗补结合”策略。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Using minimum daily temperature and average daily temperature observation data at apple flowering stage in Southern Shanxi during 1997-2016, according to apple cold hierarchy index in flowering period, using the least square method to linear tendency estimate, low temperature cold days and Mann-Kendall nonparametric test method for low temperature cold days in significance test, we analyzed the developing trend and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of freezing injury of apple flowering stage in Southern Shanxi. The results showed that the average annual number of low\|temperature freezing days in the Southern Shanxi Province was 3.1 d, and the average temperature in flowering period in all counties was between 13.0℃ and 13.8℃. In mid\|early April, the Yuncheng area was prone to freezing damage, and in late April, Jixian and Xixian in Linfen were prone to freezing damage. The number of freezing days in flowering period of apple in Southern Shanxi showed a decreasing trend, while the extreme minimum temperature in flowering period showed a rising trend, which was negatively correlated with the number of freezing days. In the Southern part of Shanxi Province, the abrupt change point of the number of freezing days during flowering period was in 2008, and the decreasing trend was more significant after 2015. For the comprehensive defense measures of apple’s low temperature damage, we can adopt a strategy of “prevention first, combination of resistance and compensation”. |
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