| 曹言,王杰,王树鹏,黄英,张雷,李尤亮.气候变化下滇中地区水稻需水量与灌溉需水指数时空变化研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(5):226~235 |
| 气候变化下滇中地区水稻需水量与灌溉需水指数时空变化研究 |
| Temporal and spatial variation analysis of water and irrigation requirement index of rice in central Yunnan Province under climate change |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.05.32 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻 需水量 灌溉需水指数 时空变化 滇中地区 |
| 英文关键词:rice water requirement irrigation water requirement index spatial and temporal variability central Yunnan Province |
| 基金项目:云南省重点新产品开发计划项目（2015BB019）；云南省省级水资源费项目（201903） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于1961—2013年滇中地区48个气象站逐日气象数据和2014—2018年5个水稻灌溉试验站的水稻生育期观测资料，利用Penman-Monteith公式和单作物系数法，并结合线性趋势和Mann-Kendall法计算分析了近53 a滇中不同分区水稻不同生育期需水量（ETc）、有效降雨量（Pe）、净灌溉需水（IR）和灌溉需水指数（IRI）的时空分布特征。结果表明：1961—2013年滇中地区ETc、Pe、IR和IRI平均值分别为546.34、235.96、310.38 mm和0.57，ETc和Pe均呈显著减少趋势，IR和IRI呈波动上升趋势，每10 a其变化幅度分别为-4.358、-6.468、1.2 mm和0.8%。ETc减小趋势主要集中在滇中I-2区和干热河谷Ⅵ区，Pe减小趋势主要集中在滇中I-3区和滇中I-4区，IRI上升趋势主要集中在滇中I-3区和滇中I-4区，ETc、Pe和IRI显著变化主要出现在拔节孕穗期、分蘖期和乳熟期。1961—2013年滇中水稻ETc呈分蘖期>抽穗开花期>乳熟期>拔节孕穗期>返青期>黄熟期，Pe呈抽穗开花期>分蘖期>拔节孕穗期>乳熟期>返青期>黄熟期，IRI呈返青期>分蘖期>黄熟期>乳熟期>拔节孕穗期>抽穗开花期。滇中水稻不同生育期ETc呈现中北高中东低，减小幅度高值区主要分布在中北部，上升幅度高值区主要分布在中东部，Pe和IRI则呈相反的变化特征。Pe是影响ETc、IR和IRI变化的主导因素。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on the daily meteorological data from 48 meteorological stations during 1961-2013 and rice growth observation data from 5 rice irrigation experimental stations during 2014-2018 in the central Yunnan Province, the crop water requirement (ETc), effective precipitation (Pe), irrigation requirement (IR), and irrigation requirement index (IRI) in the central Yunnan Province with 53 years (1961-2013) were calculated by using the Penman-Monteith equation and single crop coefficient method, the temporal and spatial variation of ETc, Pe, IR, and IRI during rice growth season in different regions were analyzed by the linear trend estimate and M-K method. The results showed that the average ETc, Pe, IR, and IRI during rice growth season were 546.34 mm, 235.96 mm, 310.38 mm, and 0.57, respectively. The ETc and Pe significant decreased with a decreasing rate of 4.358 mm·decade-1 and 6.468 mm·decade-1. The IR and IRI had increased with an increasing rate of 1.2 mm·decade-1 and 0.8%·decade-1. The ETc decreased mainly in Dianzhong I-2 and Xerothermal valley Ⅵ. The Pe decreased mainly in Dianzhong I-3 and Dianzhong I-4, and the increased IRI mainly in Dianzhong I-3 and Dianzhong I-4. The significant variation of ETc, Pe, and IRI were mainly occurred in the heading flowering, tillering, and milk stages. The ETc of rice in the central Yunnan Province from 1961 to 2013 was represented as tillering stage > heading flowering stage > milk stage > jointing booting stage > returning green stage > yellow ripening stage. The Pe was ranked as heading flowering stage >tillering stage >jointing booting stage >milk stage > returning green stage > yellow ripening stage. The IRI was ranked as returning green stage >tillering stage > yellow ripening stage>milk stage >jointing booting stage >heading flowering stage. The ETc showed high value in the north central region and the low value in the east central region in different growth periods of the rice. The areas with great decrease of ETc in the different growth periods of the rice was mainly concentrated in the north central region, and the areas with great increase of ETc was mainly concentrated in the east central region. The Pe and IRI had the opposite characteristics. The most positive and negative correlation factors for ETc,IR, and IRI of rice was Pe. |
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