| 刘德江,龚艳,王果,缪友谊,陈晓,张晓,卢鑫羽.旱塘瓜开沟施肥覆膜覆土复式作业机设计与试验[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(5):243~251 |
| 旱塘瓜开沟施肥覆膜覆土复式作业机设计与试验 |
| Design and test of a compound machine for fertilization, mulching and soil covering in ridge\|furrow planting of melon |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.05.34 |
| 中文关键词: 开沟 覆膜 施肥 覆土 复式作业机 旱塘瓜 设计 试验 |
| 英文关键词:furrowing and mulching fertilization and soil covering multiple operation machine ridge\|furrow planting of melon design experiment |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0201304）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项-西甜瓜产业技术体系（CARS-25） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 设计了旱塘瓜开沟施肥覆膜覆土复式作业机，突破了化肥精量深施、开沟入土部件节能降耗、沟底无损覆膜等技术难题，可实现旱塘瓜田的化肥深施、开沟起垄、沟底覆膜、膜上覆土的机械化复式作业。该机由机架、三点悬挂机构、传动机构、开沟起垄机构，施肥机构、覆膜机构等组成，可完成侧条施肥深度10~15 cm，施肥量2.7~4.1 kg·hm-2精量可调，满足了西北旱塘瓜的化肥深施农艺要求；沟底覆盖的农膜无损伤，且与沟底、沟壁贴合，不仅起到了增温保墒的作用，并有效抑制了杂草生长，使得旱塘瓜全生育期无需施用除草剂；整机功耗＜40 kW。该机具经过田间性能试验验证，当作业地块平整，机具行进速度为匀速0.5 m·s-1左右时，采光面机械破损程度为41.6 mm·m-2，膜边覆土厚度27.3 mm，膜边覆土宽度44.6 mm，膜边覆土厚度合格率96.1%，膜边覆土宽度合格率95.6%，地膜纵向拉伸率92.3%，排肥均匀性变异系数5.6%，开沟深度32.5 cm。试验结果表明相关性能指标均已达到国家标准以及农艺要求，能够实现旱塘瓜开沟施肥覆膜覆土机械化作业，适宜推广应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A machine for furrow\|ditching, fertilization, and mulching in melon farming was designed. The soil\|covering compound operation machine breaks through technical difficulties such as deep application of chemical fertilizers, energy conservation, and reduction of ditching components, non\|destructive mulching at the bottom of the ditch, and can realize deep application of fertilizers, ditching, ditch\|bottom mulching, as well as mechanized double operation of covering soil with film. The machine consisted of a frame, a three\|point suspension mechanism, a transmission mechanism, a ditching ridge mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, and a film covering mechanism. It can complete the side strip fertilizing depth of 10~15 cm, and the fertilizing amount can be adjusted to 2.7~4.1 kg·hm-2 accurately. It meets the agronomic requirements of deep\|fertilization of chemical fertilizers in ridge\|furrow planting of melon in northwestern China. The ditch bottom was covered with film without damage, and fitted with the ditch bottom and ditch wall, which not only played a role in increasing temperature and maintaining water, but also effectively inhibited weed growth in order to eliminate herbicide application during the whole growth season of melons. The power consumption of the whole machine was less than 40 kW. The equipment was verified by field performance tests. When the work area was flat and the machine traveled at a constant speed of about 0.5 m·s-1, the degree of mechanical damage to the lighting surface was 41.6 mm·m-2, the thickness of the film edge was 27.3 mm, and the width of the film edge was 44.6 mm. The qualified rate of the thickness of the soil on the edge of the film was 96.1%, the qualified rate of the width of the soil on the edge of the film was 95.6%, the longitudinal elongation of the film was 92.3%, the coefficient of variation of the uniformity of fertilizer discharge was 5.6%, and the depth of the trench was 32.5 cm. The test results showed that the relevant performance indicators reached national standards and agronomic requirements, and can realize mechanized operation of fertilizing, mulching, and mulching on soil in ridge\|furrow planting of melon. |
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