| 张嘉宇,焦晓聪,宋小明,丁崌平,柏萍,李建明.水汽压差与钾素互作对高温下番茄营养吸收与光合特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(6):30~38 |
| 水汽压差与钾素互作对高温下番茄营养吸收与光合特性的影响 |
| Effect of VPD and potassium interactions on nutrient uptake and photosynthetic properties of tomato under high temperature |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.06.05 |
| 中文关键词: 番茄 水汽压差 钾素水平 营养吸收 光合响应 CO2响应 |
| 英文关键词:tomato vapor pressure difference potassium level nutrient absorption photosynthetic response CO2 response |
| 基金项目:青海省蔬菜产业科技创新平台集成示范项目（QNKP-2018-03-01）;青海省科技计划项目（2018-NK-123）;陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟项目（LMAD201802) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 空气水汽压差（VPD）是植物水分运输的主要驱动力，影响作物对营养的吸收。探究不同VPD与钾素对高温下作物营养元素的吸收与光合特性的影响对夏季番茄合理施肥与环境管理具有重要意义。试验以‘金棚14-6’番茄为试材，采用盆栽方式，设置2个VPD水平（高VPD、低VPD）与3个钾素水平 (2、4、8 mmol·L-1)共6个处理，分析了VPD与钾素互作对高温下番茄幼苗氮磷钾吸收、气体交换参数、光合和CO2响应等的影响。结果表明：与高VPD相比，降低VPD会对番茄植株各器官的氮、磷、钾含量产生稀释效应, 但随着钾素水平的提高，氮、磷、钾的积累量均会显著增加，各元素积累量分别增加了99.6%、98.1%和44.7%（氮），57.4%、50.4%和51.6%（磷），145.9%、71.5%和30.6%（钾）。在低VPD下，中钾水平更有利于干物质和氮、磷、钾元素的积累，其叶片的氮素积累量和叶片水势显著高于其他5个处理；且低VPD下的植株具有较大的光照、CO2浓度适应区间和高光合及相关参数，包括光合速率Pn、气孔导度Gs、光饱和点LSP、表观量子效率AQY、暗呼吸速率Rd和初始羧化效率CE等，且均在中钾水平时取得最大值；同时蒸腾速率Tr、光补偿点LCP与光呼吸速率Rp等均显著降低。综上可知，高VPD下高钾水平和低VPD下中钾水平提高了番茄的光合性能、氮磷钾元素吸收量和干物质积累量，可作为夏季高温施肥与环境管理指标。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Air Vapor Pressure Difference (VPD) is the main driving force for plant water transport, which affects the absorption of nutrients by crops. To investigate the absorption and photosynthetic characteristics of different VPD and potassium (K) on crop nutrient elements under high temperature is of great significance for the reasonable fertilization and environmental management of summer tomatoes. We used the tomato seedlings of Jinpeng 14-6 as test materials, and a potted plant model of nutrient solution was used to set 2 VPD treatments (HVPD, LVPD) and 3 K levels (2, 4 mmol·L-1, and 8 mmol·L-1). The effects of the interaction of VPD and K on nutrient absorption, light and CO2 response, and gas exchange parameters were studied. The results showed that, lowering VPD produced a dilutive effect on the N, P, and K contents in all organs of seedling plants, but the accumulation of N, P, and K significantly increased with increasing K levels, with total accumulation increase of N by 99.6%, 98.1%, and 44.7%, P by 57.4%, 50.4% and 51.6%, and K by 145.9%, 71.5%, and 30.6%, respectively. Plants under low VPD had larger light, CO2 concentration adaptation interval and high photosynthesis and related parameters, including photosynthetic rate Pn, stomatal conductance Gs, light saturation point LSP, apparent quantum efficiency AQY, dark respiration rate Rd, and the initial carboxylation efficiency CE, etc., and all reached the maximum at the medium K level. At the same time, transpiration rate Tr, light compensation point LCP, and photorespiration rate Rp were all significantly reduced. It is generally believed that high K levels under high VPD and medium K levels under low VPD improved tomato photosynthetic performance, N, P, and K absorption and dry matter accumulation, which can be used as indicators of high temperature fertilization and environmental management in summer. |
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