| 周喜荣,张丽萍,蒋鹏,孙权,王锐,刘少泉,刘智.牛粪与秸秆类废弃物配比好氧发酵新工艺对堆肥效果的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(6):75~83 |
| 牛粪与秸秆类废弃物配比好氧发酵新工艺对堆肥效果的影响 |
| Effect of new process of aerobic fermentation of cow manure and straw waste on composting |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.06.11 |
| 中文关键词: 牛粪 秸秆类废弃物 好氧发酵 堆肥效果 |
| 英文关键词:cow manure straw waste aerobic fermentation compost effect |
| 基金项目:宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2019BCF01001,2018BBF02004,2017BN05) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以牛粪为主料，玉米秸秆、枸杞枝条及葡萄枝条为辅料进行碳氮配比，添加微生物菌剂，通过自制式全封闭旋转通气加氧装置进行有机物料好氧发酵，比较不同有机辅料与牛粪配比腐熟发酵新工艺对堆肥腐熟效果的影响。试验共设置3个处理：T1（牛粪+玉米秸秆）、 T2（牛粪+枸杞枝条）、 T3（牛粪+葡萄枝条），以物理、化学、生物指标为考核标准进行各项指标的评价。结果表明：利用植物秸秆替代风化煤与糠醛渣进行好氧腐熟发酵完成后，T1、T2及T3处理有机质含量在45.47%～47.80%，且60℃以上温度维持均超过14 d，首先达标；含水率为28.21%～30.75%,pH值在8.29～8.49、粪大肠杆菌群数均小于3.60 MPN·g-1,蛔虫死亡率97.04%～98.34%,重金属Cd、Cr、As及Pb含量分别在0.809～0.842、5.34～17.37、4.26～4.72、1.64～2.15 mg·kg-1，轻易达标；N+P22O25+K22O在3.94%～4.70%，接近NY525-2012有机肥标准；纤维素、半纤维素及木质素降解明显。腐熟完成后，T1、T2及T3处理指标间优势明显。T1处理发酵所需时间最短，为21 d，T2与T3处理均为25 d腐熟完成。玉米秸秆配比最佳，葡萄枝条配比次之，枸杞枝条配比发酵最慢。综合考虑好氧腐熟发酵进程、理化指标与生物指标变化及发酵成本，建议在实际生产中采用玉米秸秆与牛粪配比发酵，能够有效促进腐熟进程，提升产品品质，节约成本。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Using cow dung as the main material, corn stalks, wolfberry branches, and grape branches as auxiliary materials for carbon and nitrogen ratios, adding microbial inoculants, aerobic fermentation of organic materials through a self\|made fully enclosed rotary ventilation oxygenation device, we compared different organic auxiliary materials with the effect of the new technology of cow manure mixture rot fermentation on compost rot effect. A total of three treatments were setup in the experiment: T1 (cow dung + corn stalk), T2 (cow dung + medlar branch), T3 (cow dung + grape branch), and physical, chemical, and biological indicators were measured as the assessment criteria for each index evaluation. The results showed that after using plant straw instead of weathered coal and furfural residue for aerobic rot fermentation, the organic content of T1, T2, and T3 treatment was 45.47%~47.80%, and the temperature was maintained above 60℃ for more than 14 days. Water content was 28.21%~30.75%, pH value was between 8.29 to 8.49, fecal coliforms were less than 3.60 MPN·g-1, roundworm mortality 97.04%~98.34%, heavy metal Cd, Cr, As, and Pb contents were 0.809~0.842, 5.34~17.37, 4.26~4.72 mg·kg-1, and 1.64~2.15 mg·kg-1, respectively, within the standards; The N+P2O5+K2O was close to NY525-2012 of Organic Fertilizer Standard at 3.94%~4.70%; cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin degraded significantly. After the rot was completed, the advantages among T1, T2, and T3 treatment indicators were obvious. T1 treatment required the shortest fermentation time, which was 21 days while T2 and T3 treatments were both completed after 25 days. Corn straw had the best ratio, followed by grape branches, and wolfberry branches had the slowest fermentation ratio. Considering comprehensively the aerobic rot fermentation process, physical and chemical index properties and biological index changes and fermentation cost, it is recommended to use the ratio of corn stalk and cow dung fermentation in actual production, which can effectively promote the decomposing process, improve product quality, and save costs. |
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