| 于会丽,徐国益,徐变变,袁玉洁,邵微,王新卫,朱更瑞,鲁振华,司鹏.施用生物菌肥对桃园土壤养分及微生物功能多样性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(6):91~97 |
| 施用生物菌肥对桃园土壤养分及微生物功能多样性的影响 |
| Effects of bio\|fertilizer on soil nutrients and microbial functional diversity in peach orchard |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.06.13 |
| 中文关键词: 桃园土壤养分 生物菌肥 土壤微生物 功能多样性 |
| 英文关键词:soil nutrients of peach orchard bio\|fertilizer soil microorganism functional diversity |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0201409）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（Y2018PT64）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程（CAAS-ASTIP-2019-ZFRI） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以不同施肥处理下的桃园土壤为试验材料，设置不同梯度的生物菌肥 T1（200 kg·667m-2）、T2（300 kg·667m-2）、T3（500 kg·667m-2）及T4（1 000 kg·667m-2）4个处理，以鸡粪为 CK（2 000 kg·667m-2），研究生物菌肥对桃园土壤养分及微生物功能多样性的影响。结果表明：随生物菌肥施用量的增加，桃园土壤pH值、有机质、铵态氮、速效钾、有效磷含量、微生物单孔颜色平均变化率(AWCD)、微生物多样性指数及微生物对六类碳源的利用强度先增加后降低，硝态氮含量下降。生物菌肥200 kg·667m-2处理下，0~20 cm土层有效磷含量较CK提高53.98%（P＜0.05），而与生物菌肥300 kg·667m-2处理差异不显著。生物菌肥300 kg·667m-2处理下，土壤微生物对羧酸类化合物利用强度最高，较CK提高22.67%(P＜0.05)。生物菌肥300 kg·667m-2处理下20~40 cm土层的土壤有效磷、速效钾含量、微生物多样性指数（Simpson 优势度指数）及微生物对碳水化合物利用强度较CK分别提高33.49%、129.61%、0.22%和18.06%（P＜0.05）。冗余分析表明，土壤微生物对氨基酸化合物利用强度与有机质显著正相关，相关系数为0.68。主成分分析中，生物菌肥300 kg·667m-2处理对土壤微生物多样性指数、碳源利用强度及土壤养分影响得分最高，分别为2.42和1.36。因此，生物菌肥能够提高土壤微生物活性、功能多样性、微生物对碳源的利用强度及养分含量，其中以生物菌肥300 kg·667m-2处理效果最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effects of bio\|fertilizer on soil nutrient and microbial functional diversity of peach soil, the soil under different fertilization treatments were used as test materials. Different rates of biological bacterial fertilizer T1 (200 kg·667m-2), T2 (300 kg·667m-2), T3 (500 kg·667m-2), and T4 (1 000 kg·667m-2) were set, with chicken manure as CK (2 000 kg·667m-2). The results indicated that with increasing the amount of bio\|fertilizer, the soil pH, organic matter, ammonia N, available P, available K content, average well color development (AWCD), microbial diversity index, and utilization intensity of six types of carbon sources showed an upward trend and then decreased, while the NO-3-N content showed a downward trend. In 0~20 cm soil, the available P content of 200 kg·667m-2 treatment significantly increased by 53.98% compared with that of the control (P＜0.05), while the difference between 200 kg·667m-2 and 300 kg·667m-2 was not significant. The soil microbial community of 300 kg·667m-2 had the highest utilization intensity of carboxylic acid compounds, which was significantly increased by 22.67% compared with that of the control. In the 20~40 cm soil layer, soil available P, available K content, microbial diversity index (Simpson index D), and microbial utilization intensity of carbohydrates treated with 300 kg·667m-2 were significantly increased by 33.49%, 129.61%, 0.22%, and 18.06% compared with CK (P＜0.05). Redundant analysis revealed that the utilization of amino acid compounds by the soil microbial community was significantly positively correlated with organic matter, and the correlation coefficient was 0.68. In the principal component analysis, the 300 kg·667m-2 comprehensive score was the highest, with 0~20 cm soil layer and 20~40 cm soil layer being 2.42 and 1.36, respectively. Therefore, boi\|fertilizer can increase peach soil microbial activity, functional diversity, utilization intensity of carbon sources by microorganisms and soil nutrient content, and 300 kg·667m-2 was the best. |
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