| 赵月,胡田田,罗利华,李灿.基于整合分析的黄土高原苹果施氮增产效应研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(6):105~111 |
| 基于整合分析的黄土高原苹果施氮增产效应研究 |
| Analysis of effect of nitrogen application on apple yield on Loess Plateau using meta\|analysis |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.06.15 |
| 中文关键词: 苹果 施氮 增产效应 整合分析法 黄土高原 |
| 英文关键词:apple tree nitrogen application yield increasing effect meta\|analysis Loess Plateau |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题“果树水肥一体化技术模式研究与应用”（2017YFD0201508） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨施氮条件下黄土高原苹果增产效应的影响因素，以公开发表的试验数据为依据，采用整合分析法定量分析了施氮条件下，气候、海拔、土壤类型、树龄、栽植密度、氮肥用量对产量的影响，并对各影响因素进行了通径分析。结果表明：当年降水量小于500 mm时，施氮增产率为29.83%，且随年降水量的增加其增产效应不明显；年均温≥10℃时，施氮对苹果产量的提高有积极作用，年均温＜10℃时增产效应不显著（P＞0.05）。在黑垆土、塿土上施氮均能有效提高苹果增产率，分别为26.10%（95%CI：13.08%~39.11%）（CI为置信区间，下同）、34.53%（95%CI：13.88%~55.19%），黄绵土上施氮增产不显著（P＞0.05）。当海拔＜850 m时，施氮条件下苹果增产率显著提高（P＜0.05），并随着海拔的增加而降低。树龄高的果树在施氮条件下增产效应明显，当树龄≥10 a时，增产率为26.93%（95%CI：14.64%~39.22%），并随树龄的减小而降低。在不同栽植密度下施用氮肥存在不同的增产效应，55~110株·666.7m-2时效果最佳，增产28.70%（95%CI：18.12%~39.28%）。施氮量在0.25~0.50 kg·株-1时，增产效应明显（P＜0.05）；施氮量≥0.50 kg·株-1时，不存在显著的增产效应（P＞0.05）。通径分析结果表明，栽植密度、年降水量和施氮量是施氮条件下影响苹果增产率的三大主导因素，海拔次之，年均温和树龄对苹果增产效果接近但比较小。由此可见，施氮的增产效果与外界因素关系密切，综合上述各条件在适宜范围施氮更有利于苹果增产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the influencing factors of nitrogen (N) application on apple yield on the Loess Plateau, this research was based on published experimental data, and used the meta\|analysis method to quantitatively analyze the influence of climate, altitude, soil type, tree age, land area per plant, N consumption on the yield with N application, and carried out path analysis on each influencing factor. The results showed that when the annual precipitation was less than 500 mm in the same year, the yield increased by 29.83%, which decreased with the increase in the annual precipitation. When the average temperature was more than or equal to 10℃, the effect of N on yield was positive, but when the average temperature was less than 10 ℃, the effect was not significant (P>0.05). Nitrogen treatment in Heilu soil and Lou soil was effective in increasing the yield by 26.1% (95%CI:13.08%~39.11%) (CI was the confidence interval, the same below) and 34.53% (95%CI:13.88%~55.19%), respectively, but no significant increase in loess (P>0.05). When the altitude was less than 850m, the yield increase rate of apple from N application was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the yield increased by 29.46% (95%CI:16.98%~41.93%), and decreased with the increase in altitude. With N application, the yield increase of the fruit trees with older tree was more obvious. When the tree was more than 10 years, the yield increase rate was 26.93% (95%CI:14.64%~39.22%), which decreased with the decrease of tree age. Application of N fertilizer in different planting densities had different yield increasing effect, and the best effect was 55~110 plant·666.7m-2, reaching 28.70% (95%CI:18.12%~39.28%). When N application was 0.25~0.50 kg·plant-1, the stimulation effect was most obvious (P<0.05). When N application was more than 0.50 kg·plant-1, there was no significant stimulation effect (P>0.05). Path analysis results showed that planting density, annual precipitation and N application rate were the three major factors that affected apple yield increase under N application, followed by altitude, and the average annual temperature and the tree age had similar but little effect on apple yield increase. It can be seen that N fertilization was closely related to external factors, and a suitable range of N comprehensively combined with the above conditions was more conducive to increase production, and can also provide references for fertilization and field management in the area. |
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