| 李飞,宋明丹,蒋福祯,韩梅,严清彪,李正鹏.青海高原春小麦留茬高度对后茬绿肥生物量和水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(6):13~140 |
| 青海高原春小麦留茬高度对后茬绿肥生物量和水分利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of stubble height of spring wheat on biomass and water use efficiency of green manure on Qinghai Plateau |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.06.19 |
| 中文关键词: 春小麦 复种绿肥 留茬高度 绿肥生物量 水分利用效率 青海高原 |
| 英文关键词:spring wheat multiple cropping green manure stubble height green manure biomass water use efficiency Qinghai Plateau |
| 基金项目:青海省基础研究计划（2018-ZJ-962Q） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对青海高原地区麦后休闲期长、光热水资源利用效率不高的现状，2019年设置麦后不同留茬高度（0、20、40 cm）复种绿肥田间试验，研究其对箭筈豌豆和毛叶苕子2种复种绿肥的生物量、叶面积指数（LAI）和水分利用效率（WUE）的影响，探讨青海高原春小麦与绿肥的高效复种模式。结果表明，绿肥总干物质量随留茬高度的增加而降低，箭筈豌豆留茬0、20、40 cm干物质总量分别为5 756.45、4 046.09、3 534.09 kg·hm-2；毛叶苕子分别为3 462.69、2 642.75、2 011.34 kg·hm-2；根冠比则随着留茬高度的增高而增大，箭筈豌豆留茬0、20、40 cm根冠比由0.043增加至0.057和0.047，毛叶苕子由0.07增加至0.08和0.083；且毛叶苕子的根冠比显著高于箭筈豌豆59.2%。绿肥地上部各器官干重及LAI均随留茬高度的增加而降低，其中，箭筈豌豆LAI随着留茬高度的增加由1.72降至1.34和0.95，毛叶苕子由1.00降至0.77和0.59；茎叶比随留茬高度的增高而增大，箭筈豌豆留茬0、20、40 cm茎叶比分别为0.78、0.89、0.99，毛叶苕子为0.82、0.84、0.86。箭筈豌豆的茎干重、叶干重、茎叶比和LAI分别比毛叶苕子显著高141.1%、135.4%、6.0%和69.6%。两种绿肥WUE均随留茬高度的增加而降低，箭筈豌豆的干物质量和WUE分别比毛叶苕子显著高62.2%和60.0%。麦后不留茬复种箭筈豌豆处理具有最高的生物量和水分利用效率，能够充分利用麦后休闲期光热水资源，是本研究推荐的麦后复种绿肥模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In view of the long leisure period after wheat and low utilization efficiency of light and hot water resources on Qinghai Plateau, a field experiment of multiple green manure crops with different stubble heights (0, 20 cm, and 40 cm) following wheat harvest was set up in 2019 to study its effects on biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and water use efficiency (WUE) of two multiple cropping green manure, namely Common vetch and Hairy vetch. The results showed that the total dry matter mass of green manure decreased with the increase of stubble height, and the total dry matter mass at 0, 20 cm, and 40 cm after stubble was 5 756.45, 4 046.09 kg·hm-2, and 3 534.09 kg·hm-2, respectively. The weight of Common vetch was 3 462.69, 2 642.75 kg·hm-2, and 2 011.34 kg·hm-2, respectively. Root\|shoot ratio increased with increasing stubble height. Root\|shoot ratio increased from 0.043 to 0.057 and 0.047 at 0, 20 cm, and 40 cm, respectively, after stubble of Hairy vetch, and from 0.07 to 0.08 and 0.083, respectively. The root\|shoot ratio of Hairy vetch was significantly higher than that of Common vetch by 59.2%. The dry weight and LAI of each organ in green manure decreased with increasing stubble height, among which LAI of Common vetch decreased from 1.72 to 1.34 and 0.95, and that of Hairy vetch decreased from 1.00 to 0.77 and 0.59. The ratio of stem to leaf increased with increasing stubble height, and ratio of stem to leaf was 0.78, 0.89, and 0.99, and that of Hairy vetch was 0.82, 0.84, and 0.86 for all 3 depths, respectively. The stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, stem\|leaf ratio, and LAI of Common vetch were significantly higher than those of Hairy vetch by 141.1%,135.4%,6.0% and 69.6%, respectively. The WUE of the two green manure decreased with increasing stubble height, and the dry matter quality and WUE of common vetch were significantly higher than those of Hairy vetch by 62.2% and 60.0%, respectively. The treatment of no stubble and multiple cropping common vetch after wheat had the highest biomass and water use efficiency, and made full use of the light and hot water resources during the leisure period after wheat, it is the recommended green manure model for multiple cropping after wheat in this study. |
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