北疆杨树‖苜蓿复合系统中根系分布特征及产量

代元帅; 鲁为华; 杨涛; 刘婷婷; 申磊; 滕元旭; 王秀媛; 张文龙; 李鲁华; 张伟

代元帅,鲁为华,杨涛,刘婷婷,申磊,滕元旭,王秀媛,张文龙,李鲁华,张伟.北疆杨树‖苜蓿复合系统中根系分布特征及产量[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(6):141~151

北疆杨树‖苜蓿复合系统中根系分布特征及产量

Distribution characteristics of roots and yield in a poplar‖alfalfa silvopastoral system in northern Xinjiang

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.06.20

英文关键词:poplar‖alfalfa root distribution characteristics average root diameter land equivalent ratio biomass competitive advantage

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31460335,31560376);国家牧草产业技术体系石河子综合试验站项目(CARS-34)；中国博士后科学基金项目(2015M582737)

作者	单位
代元帅	石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832003
鲁为华	石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子 832003
杨涛	石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832003
刘婷婷	石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832003
申磊	石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832003
滕元旭	石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832003
王秀媛	石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832003
张文龙	石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832003
李鲁华	石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832003
张伟	石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832003

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中文摘要:

为研究杨树‖紫花苜蓿种间相互作用对根系形态及空间分布的影响, 对3 a生苜蓿和7 a生杨树在单、间作条件下0~60 cm土层中的根长密度(RLD)、平均根直径(ARD)和细根比根长(FSRL)进行了分析测定。结果表明:(1)间作杨树与苜蓿的RLD、ARD和FSRL在土壤中的水平和垂直方向存在显著差异。与单作苜蓿相比,间作苜蓿0~60 cm土壤中的RLD降低了54%,20~60 cm土壤中的ARD降低了18.8%,0~60 cm土壤中的FSRL提高了14.5%。与单作杨树相比,间作杨树0~20 cm土壤中的RLD增加了21.6%，0~60 cm土壤中的ARD和FSRL分别降低了14.5%和6.72%。(2)刈割措施会导致苜蓿RLD的下降。4月下旬苜蓿RLD最大,6月下旬和8月下旬苜蓿RLD显著下降(P<0.05),间作苜蓿受到刈割的影响比单作苜蓿大,RLD表现为4月下旬单作苜蓿>4月下旬间作苜蓿>6月下旬单作苜蓿>6月下旬间作苜蓿>8月下旬单作苜蓿>8月下旬间作苜蓿。当地苜蓿一年刈割3次,间作苜蓿在每次刈割后FSRL会出现峰值,间作苜蓿的峰值比对应单作高12.3%~21.82%。间作杨树FSRL在6月上旬和8月下旬各出现一次峰值,间作杨树的峰值比对应单作高2.8%~16.7%。(3)整个生长季间作苜蓿产量比单作减少了43.8%。通过计算土地当量比(LER=1.42),说明这种间作模式比单作提高了42%的生产力。(4)通过相关性分析表明RLD与苜蓿干草产量呈显著正相关,提高间作苜蓿干草产量的关键因素在于提高RLD。综上所述,间作对苜蓿产量和根系的RLD、ARD不利,但促进了苜蓿FSRL的提高与杨树根系分布和发育。相比单作,间作具有提高资源利用效率和防护林生态经济效益的潜力。

英文摘要:

In order to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of roots in a poplar‖alfalfa, root length density (RLD), average root diamter (ARD), and fine specific root length (FSRL) of 3-year-old alfalfa and 7-year-old alfalfa in sole and systems were determined. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in RLD, ARD and FSRL between intercropped poplar and alfalfa at corresponding soil depths in both horizontal and vertical directions.Compared with monocropped alfalfa, the RLD of intercropped alfalfa in 0~60 cm soil decreased by 54%, ARD in 20~60 cm soil decreased by 18.8%, and FSRL in 0~60 cm soil increased by 14.5%. Compared with the monocropped poplar, the RLD in the 0~20 cm soil of intercropped poplar increased by 21.6%, the ARD and FSRL in the 0~60 cm soil decreased by 14.5% and 6.72%, respectively. (2) The harvest managements significantly reduced (P<0.05) the RLD of alfalfa. The RLD of alfalfa was the largest in late April, and the RLD of alfalfa in late June and late August was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The effect of harvest managements on intercropped alfalfa was greater than that of sole\|cropped alfalfa. The performance of the RLD was that of sole\|cropped alfalfa in late April > intercropped alfalfa in late April > sole\|cropped alfalfa in late June > intercropped alfalfa in late June > sole\|cropped alfalfa in late August > intercropped in late August. Poplars were less affected by intercropping. Local alfalfa was harvested 3 times a year, and the FSRL would peak after each harvest of intercropped alfalfa. The peak value of intercropped alfalfa was 12.3%~21.82% higher than that of the corresponding monocrops. In early June and late August, the FSRL of intercropped poplar showed a peak, the peak value of intercropped poplar was 2.8%~16.7% higher than the corresponding monocropped poplar. (3) The yield of alfalfa from intercropping system in the whole growing season decreased by 48.3% compared with that from sole\|cropped alfalfa. By calculating the land equivalent ratio, LER=1.42, it shows that this intercropping mode had more yield advantages than sole cropping. (4) Correlation analysis showed that RLD was significantly positively correlated with alfalfa hay yield, and the key factor to increase the yield of intercropping alfalfa hay was to increase RLD. In summary, intercropping was not beneficial to the RLD and ARD of alfalfa yield and root system, but promoted the increase of FSRL of alfalfa and the distribution and development of poplar root system. Compared with single cropping, intercropping had the potential to improve the efficiency of resource utilization and the ecological and economic benefits of shelter belt in Xinjiang.

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