| 赵财,蔡莉娟,柴强,赵良霞,范虹,殷文,胡发龙,于爱忠,樊志龙.绿洲灌区地膜利用方式与灌水量对玉米产量形成的协同效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(6):152~158 |
| 绿洲灌区地膜利用方式与灌水量对玉米产量形成的协同效应 |
| Synergetic effect of plastic film mulching and irrigation quota on yield and yield components of maize |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.06.21 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 覆膜免耕 灌水水平 群体生长率 干物质积累 产量构成 |
| 英文关键词:maize no\|tillage with plastic mulching irrigation quota crop growth rate dry matter accumulation yield components |
| 基金项目:甘肃农业大学盛彤笙科技创新基金（GSAU-STS-1439）;国家公益性行业（农业）科研项目（201503125-3）;国家自然科学基金项目（31860363） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过不同地膜利用方式（NT：前茬玉米覆膜收获后免耕，次年直接播种；RT：秋免耕春覆膜；CT：传统耕作覆膜）和不同灌水水平（I1：全生育期灌水450 mm；I2：495 mm；I3:540 mm）下玉米干物质积累和产量构成的响应规律，揭示地膜利用方式和灌溉量调控玉米产量形成的机制，为覆膜种植玉米集成利用免耕和限量灌溉技术提供理论和实践依据。结果表明，NT和RT覆膜免耕处理降低了玉米吐丝期前干物质积累量和群体生长率，分别较传统耕作覆膜处理平均降低32.4%和45.9%，但吐丝期后使干物质积累量和群体生长率分别提高7.4%和32.6%；灌水减量至495 mm未造成干物质累积量和生长率降低。NT和RT覆膜免耕处理使玉米单位面积穗数和百粒重较传统耕作覆膜处理平均分别提高13.4%和6.6%，进而使3 a平均产量提高5.4%；灌水减量至495 mm并未引起减产。通径分析进一步表明，有限灌水条件下覆膜免耕玉米主要通过增加双穗数和增大百粒重来提高籽粒产量。可见，集地膜覆盖和免耕为一体的覆膜免耕技术是干旱地区玉米生产较为理想的种植技术。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| n order to evaluate the yield formation mechanism of maize and provide the theoretical and practical basis for integrated use of no\|tillage and limited irrigation, this study investigated dry matter accumulation and yield components response of maize to different plastic film mulching practices (NT: no tillage in fall with mulching and tillage in the next spring; RT: no tillage in fall with mulching and tillage in the next spring; CT: conventional tillage) and various irrigation levels (I1: 450 mm in whole growth period; I2: 495 mm; I3: 540 mm). The results showed that, NT reduced the dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate before tasseling period of maize. Compared to CT, the dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate were decreased by 32.4% and 45.9%. However, after tasseling period, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate with NT was increased by 7.4% and 32.6%, compared to that of CT. Irrigation reduction at 495 mm didn’t reduce dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate. Compared to CT, the ears number per planting area and hundred\|kernel weight of maize with NT were improved by 13.4% and 6.6%. Consequently, grain yield with NT was increased by 5.4% compared to CT. There was no significant decrease in the grain yield of maize even when irrigation was reduced. The path analysis revealed that the improvement of grain yield of maize with no\|tillage and plastic film mulching was mainly attributable to the increase in spike number per planting area and hundred\|kernel weight. Therefore, at water\|limited arid area, integrating no\|tillage with plastic film mulching can be used as a suitable planting pattern for maize production. |
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