| 周红亮,张丽娟,刘宁宁,费聪,苏继霞,曾洲渊,樊华.调亏灌溉下氮肥管理对滴灌甜菜产量及水氮利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(6):159~166 |
| 调亏灌溉下氮肥管理对滴灌甜菜产量及水氮利用的影响 |
| Effect of nitrogen management on yield and water and nitrogen utilization of sugar beet under regulated deficit irrigation |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.06.22 |
| 中文关键词: 调亏灌溉 滴灌 甜菜 氮肥管理 产糖量 |
| 英文关键词:regulated deficit irrigation drip irrigation sugar beet nitrogen management sugar yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（31660360，31771720）；新疆生产建设兵团中青年科技创新领军人才计划（2018CB029）；石河子大学国际科技合作推进计划（GJHZ201706） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以Beta356为试材，研究调亏灌溉下不同施氮量\[纯氮0 kg·hm-2（N0）、150 kg·hm-2（N1）、225 kg·hm-2（N2）\]与基追比\[播种前、叶丛期、块根膨大期施氮比例分别为20∶60∶20(T1)、30∶50∶20(T2)、40∶40∶20(T3)\]对甜菜生长特性、产量和水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明：在叶丛期和块根膨大期分别进行50%和30%田间持水量(θf)调亏灌溉基础上施225 kg·hm-2氮肥的同时，增加基肥比例能够显著提高叶面积指数（124.39%~143.87%）和叶绿素含量（23.03%~119.80%）；在糖分积累期进行30%θf调亏灌溉后施用氮肥对叶面积指数影响较小，但有利于提高叶片叶绿素含量。调亏灌溉后施氮使块根膨大期和糖分积累期干物质总量分别较对照提高了34.08%~56.84%和32.43%~76.26%，但两个施氮量处理间未达到显著差异。甜菜产量随施氮量和基肥比例增加分别升高和降低，含糖率随施氮量增加而降低。氮肥农学利用效率和灌溉水利用效率均在N2T1处理下最大，其中灌溉水利用效率较对照提高了82.50%。施氮处理的产糖量和水糖比分别较对照显著提高了31.66%~63.41%和31.82%~63.64%。调亏灌溉下增加施氮量有利于提高产糖量，但增产不显著；3种施用比例中基肥比例为20%、叶丛期为60%和块根膨大期为20%时有利于提高甜菜含糖率和产糖量，同时具有较高的水糖比和氮肥利用效率。因此，在干旱区滴灌甜菜种植中以T1（20∶60∶20）基追比模式下施用150 kg·hm-2氮素对调亏灌溉具有一定的调节作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Beta 356 was used as test material and the effects of three nitrogen (N) application rates and three top dressing ratios on sugar beet growth physiological characteristics, yield, and water and fertilizer use efficiency under regulated deficit irrigation were studied. The results showed that when 225 kg·hm-2 N fertilizer was applied on the basis of 50% and 30% of field water capacity (θf) under the regulated deficit irrigation at the canopy development and storage root development, respectively, the leaf area index (124.39%~143.87%) and chlorophyll content (23.03%~119.80%) were significantly increased by increasing the proportion of base fertilizer. Nitrogen application with 30%θf deficit regulation irrigation in sugar accumulation growth had little effect on leaf area index, but it was beneficial to increase chlorophyll content in leaves. The total amount of dry matter increased by 34.08%~56.84% and 32.43%~76.26%, respectively, in the storage root development and sugar accumulation growth compared with that in the control group, but the total amount of dry matter did not reach significant difference between the two treatments. The yield increased and decreased with increasing N application and the proportion of basic fertilizer, and the sugar content decreased with increasing N application. The agronomic efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of N fertilizer were the highest under the treatment of N2T1, and the irrigation water use efficiency was increased by 82.50% compared with the control. The sugar yield and water\|sugar ratio of the two N application treatments were increased by 31.66%~63.41% and 31.82%~63.64%, respectively. Under the condition of regulated deficit irrigation, increasing N application was beneficial to increasing sugar yield, but the yield was not significant. When the proportion of basal fertilizer was 20%, that of canopy development was 60% and that of storage root development was 20%, sugar content and sugar yield of sugar beet were improved, and water\|sugar ratio and N utilization efficiency were higher. Therefore, the application of 150 kg·hm-2 N in the model of T1 (20∶60∶20) had a certain regulatory effect on regulated deficit irrigation. |
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