| 马亮,郭丹丹,雷庆元,刘锋.地膜覆盖对南疆滴灌枣园土壤温度和腾发特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(1):25~33 |
| 地膜覆盖对南疆滴灌枣园土壤温度和腾发特性的影响 |
| Effects of plastic film mulching on soil temperature and evapotranspiration characteristics of jujube under drip irrigation |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.01.04 |
| 中文关键词: 枣树 地膜覆盖 土壤温度 腾发强度 蒸渗仪 |
| 英文关键词:jujube plastic mulching soil temperature evapotranspiration intensity lysimeter |
| 基金项目:水利工程重点学科基金（SLXK2018-01）；新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅重点项目（XJEDU2017I007）；干旱区枣树节水调质技术及智能决策系统研发创新团队(XJEDU2017T004);国家自然科学基金（51369029）；新疆维吾尔自治区优秀博士后基金 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过大型称重式蒸渗仪精确测定地膜覆盖与无覆盖枣树腾发强度日内及逐日变化趋势，采用土壤智能墒情传感器连续监测0~100 cm土层土壤温度，研究了地膜覆盖对枣园土壤温度和腾发强度的影响。结果表明: 土壤温度日变幅随土壤深度的增加而逐渐减小，地膜覆盖增加了0~40 cm土层土壤温度日变幅，较无覆盖枣树萌芽期0~10 cm土层土壤温度增加0.89℃、腾发量减少41.72 mm，地膜覆盖仅为无覆盖处理腾发量的50.5%，保温、节水作用在枣树萌芽期效果显著；无覆盖与地膜覆盖枣树日内腾发强度均呈单峰型变化趋势，幼果期腾发强度达到最大值，分别为5.36、4.08 mm·d-1；萌芽期和花期腾发强度差值较大，分别为1.33、1.54 mm·d-1，说明覆膜能够有效减少枣树生育前期的蒸发量。枣树全生育期逐日腾发量变化趋势呈先增大后减小的趋势，无覆盖与地膜覆盖腾发总量分别为724.74、517.44 mm，地膜覆盖节约水量207.30 mm，其中花期的腾发量差值最大，达到87.39 mm；无覆盖与地膜覆盖枣树花期和果实发育期耗水总量分别占全生育期总腾发量的69.14 %和70.83%；无覆盖枣树作物系数在各生育阶段均大于地膜覆盖，差值在0.19～0.40，其中萌芽期和花期差值分别为0.40、0.35。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A large\|scale weighing lysimeter was used to accurately measure the intraday and daily variation trend of jujube's evapotranspiration intensity under plastic film mulching and without plastic film mulching, and the soil temperature in 0~100 cm soil layer was continuously monitored by the intelligent soil moisture sensor. The effects of plastic film mulching on soil temperature and evapotranspiration intensity in jujube garden were studied.Results show that the soil temperature amplitude decreases gradually with the increase of soil depth, plastic film mulching increased the daily variation of soil temperature in 0~40 cm soil layer, and increased the soil temperature by 0.89℃ compared with that in 0~10 cm soil layer at the germination stage of jujube without mulching,evapotranspiration decreased by 41.72 mm,mulching with plastic film was only 50.5% of the emission of without mulching treatment,indicating that the heat preservation and water\|saving effect of mulching film was significant in the early growth stage of Jujube trees.The intraday emission intensity of jujube trees covered with plastic film and without mulching showed a single peak trend, and the intraday emission intensity reached the maximum value of 5.36 mm·d-1 and 4.08 mm·d-1 at young fruit stage, respectively. The difference between germination and flowering was 1.33 mm·d-1 and 1.54 mm·d-1, respectively, which indicated that mulching could effectively reduce the evaporation of jujube trees in the early growth stage.The daily evapotranspiration of jujube during the whole growth period increased firstly and then decreased. The total evapotranspiration of jujube under without mulching and plastic film mulching were 724.74 mm and 517.44 mm, respectively. The water saving of plastic film mulching was 207.30 mm, and the difference of evapotranspiration at flowering stage was the largest, reaching 87.39 mm.The total water consumption at flowering stage and fruit development stage of jujube with without mulching and plastic film mulching accounted for 69.14% and 70.83% of the totalevapotranspiration during the whole growth period, respectively.The crop coefficient of jujube without mulching was higher than that of plastic film mulching at each growth stage, the difference was 0.19~0.40, and the difference was 0.40 and 0.35 at germination and flowering stage, respectively. |
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