吕艳东,徐令旗,姜红芳,兰宇辰,安懿亮,崔致远,张佳柠,赵海红,李红宇,钱永德,郭晓红.氮肥运筹对苏打盐碱地水稻养分积累、转运及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(1):103~111
氮肥运筹对苏打盐碱地水稻养分积累、转运及产量的影响
Effects of nitrogen fertilization managements on nutrient accumulation, transport and yield of rice under soda saline\|alkali paddy field
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.01.14
中文关键词:  氮肥运筹  养分积累  养分转运  水稻  产量  苏打盐碱地
英文关键词:nitrogen fertilization managements  nutrient accumulation  nutrient transport  rice  yield  soda saline\|alkali paddy field
基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300104)；黑龙江八一农垦大学研究生创新科研项目(YJSCX2019-Y104）；黑龙江八一农垦大学科研团队平台支持计划(TDJH201802)；黑龙江八一农垦大学校启动计划项目 (XDB-2016-02)；黑龙江省高等教育教学改革一般研究项目（SJGY20190467）
作者单位
吕艳东 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省教育厅寒地作物种质改良与栽培重点实验室,黑龙江 大庆 163319 
徐令旗 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省教育厅寒地作物种质改良与栽培重点实验室,黑龙江 大庆 163319 
姜红芳 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省教育厅寒地作物种质改良与栽培重点实验室,黑龙江 大庆 163319 
兰宇辰 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省教育厅寒地作物种质改良与栽培重点实验室,黑龙江 大庆 163319 
安懿亮 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省教育厅寒地作物种质改良与栽培重点实验室,黑龙江 大庆 163319 
崔致远 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省教育厅寒地作物种质改良与栽培重点实验室,黑龙江 大庆 163319 
张佳柠 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省教育厅寒地作物种质改良与栽培重点实验室,黑龙江 大庆 163319 
赵海红 黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,黑龙江 佳木斯 154007 
李红宇 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省教育厅寒地作物种质改良与栽培重点实验室,黑龙江 大庆 163319 
钱永德 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省教育厅寒地作物种质改良与栽培重点实验室,黑龙江 大庆 163319 
郭晓红 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省教育厅寒地作物种质改良与栽培重点实验室,黑龙江 大庆 163319 
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中文摘要:
      于2017—2018年，以粳稻品种垦粳7号和垦粳8号为试验材料，设置5种氮肥运筹方式：不施氮肥(N0)、农民习惯施氮(N1)、平衡施氮(N2)、减氮施肥(N3)和氮肥后移(N4)，研究氮肥运筹对苏打盐碱地水稻氮磷钾养分积累转运以及生产效率的影响。结果表明：与农民习惯施氮相比，平衡施氮和减氮施肥显著提高了齐穗期和成熟期植株氮、磷、钾积累量，而氮肥后移则相反；平衡施氮和减氮施肥提高了齐穗期和成熟期植株氮、磷、钾的转运量和转运效率以及氮、磷、钾收获指数，且以平衡施氮增幅最大，氮、磷、钾转运量分别提高了55.54%、60.03%和40.07%，转运效率分别提高了12.75%、19.72%和14.26%，氮、磷、钾收获指数分别提高了6.04%、5.13%和2.08%。此外，水稻100 kg籽粒吸钾量＞100 kg籽粒吸氮量＞100 kg籽粒吸磷量，且均表现为平衡施氮＞减氮施肥＞农民习惯施氮＞氮肥后移＞不施氮肥，而氮、磷、钾素稻谷生产效率则呈相反趋势。平衡施氮和减氮施肥有利于提高苏打盐碱地水稻养分的积累和利用效率。
英文摘要:
      This study aimed to find out the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization managements on nutrient accumulation, transport, and production efficiency of rice under soda saline\|alkali paddy field in western Heilongjiang province. Kenjing 7 and Kenjing8 (the japonica rice cultivar) were used as the experimental material in 2017 and 2018, five kinds of N fertilizer management were set up as: without N (N0), conventional N used by farmers (N1), balanced N application (N2), reduction of N (N3), and N backward (N4), the effects of N fertilization managements on NPK accumulation, transport, and production efficiency of rice were studied.The results showed that compared with conventional N used by farmers, the accumulation of N, P, and K in plants at heading and mature stages were significantly increased by balanced N application and reduction of N, but the above results of N backward were opposite. The transport capacity, transport efficiency, and harvest index of N, P, and K were improved at the heading and the mature stages by balanced N application and reduction of N. Balanced N application increased the most, transport capacity of N, P, and K increased by 55.54%, 60.03% and 40.07%, respectively, transport efficiency of N, P, and K increased by 12.75%,19.72% and 14.26%, respectively, harvest index of N, P, and K increased by 6.04%, 5.13%, and 2.08%, respectively. Additionally, potassium uptake of 100 kg rice grain＞N uptake of 100 kg rice grain＞P uptake of 100 kg rice grain, N, P, K uptake of 100 kg rice grain all showed balanced N application＞reduction of N＞conventional N used by farmers＞N backward＞without N, and rice production efficiency of N,P,K showed contrary trend. Balanced N application and reduction of N were beneficial to improving the nutrient accumulation and utilization efficiency of rice in soda saline\|alkali paddy field.
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