| 王月萍,郭丽琢,高玉红,李江龙,刘宏胜,夏张祥.可降解地膜覆盖和有机无机氮肥配施对胡麻干物质和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(1):112~118 |
| 可降解地膜覆盖和有机无机氮肥配施对胡麻干物质和产量的影响 |
| Effects of biodegradable film mulching and combined application of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter accumulation and grain yield of oil flax |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.01.15 |
| 中文关键词: 生物降解地膜 有机无机氮肥配施 胡麻 干物质 灌浆速率 籽粒产量 |
| 英文关键词:biodegradable plastic mulch combined application of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer oil flax dry matter filling rate grain yield |
| 基金项目:现代农业特色油料产业技术体系专项（CARS-14-1-16）；甘肃省自然科学基金（1107RJZA160） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过田间定位试验，研究了不覆膜、普通地膜和0.008、0.010、0.012 mm厚度的可降解地膜以及不施氮、单施化学氮肥（120 kg·hm-2）、化学氮肥与有机氮肥配施（120 kg·hm-2，2/3化学氮肥，1/3有机氮肥）对胡麻干物质积累、籽粒灌浆以及经济产量的影响。结果表明，可降解地膜和普通地膜覆盖胡麻生育期的差异较小（≤2 d），0.012 mm可降解地膜对生育进程的影响最接近普通地膜。普通地膜对干物质积累的促进作用较可降解膜提高了12.88%~160.22%；0.012 mm可降解地膜对胡麻生长的促进作用更接近于普通地膜，其干物质量较普通膜的降幅（11.41%~27.92%）低于其余2种降解膜（16.55%~61.57%）；0.012 mm的可降解膜与普通地膜灌浆速率无显著差异。有机无机氮肥配施较单施化肥对胡麻生长的促进作用显著，营养生长阶段中后期的干物质积累量增加了11.69%~16.44%，但对灌浆速率的提升作用较单施化肥小。3种可降解地膜具有与普通地膜同等的增产作用，覆膜后平均增产19.18%；施氮提高了籽粒产量，有机无机氮肥配施和单施化肥间无显著差异。覆膜和施肥仅对干物质积累具有显著的交互作用。试区胡麻生产上可用0.012 mm的可降解地膜代替普通地膜。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Field experiment was used to study the effect of uncovered, ordinary plastic film, and biodegradable film with thickness of 0.008, 0.010 mm, and 0.012 mm and no nitrogen (N) fertilizer, chemical N fertilizer (120 kg·hm-2), combined application of organic and inorganic N fertilizer (120 kg·hm-2, 2/3 chemical N fertilizer, 1/3 organic N fertilizer) on dry matter accumulation, filling rate, and grain yield of oil flax. The results showed that there was little difference between the effect of biodegradable and ordinary film mulching on growth period (≤2 days), and the effect of 0.012 mm degradable film on growth and development process was the closest to that of the ordinary one. The promotion influence on dry matter accumulation of ordinary film increased by 12.88%~160.22% than that of degradable film mulching treatments. The promotion effect of 0.012 mm degradable film was much closer to that of the ordinary one. Compared with common plastic mulch, dry matter accumulation of 0.012 mm film decreased by 11.41%~27.92% while the other two degradable film reduced by 16.55%~61.57%. There was no significant difference in grain filling rate between 0.012 mm degradable film and the ordinary one. The promotion effect of combined application on dry matter accumulation was more significant than that of inorganic fertilizer alone, which increased by 11.69%~16.44% in mid\|late stage of vegetative growth, but the improving influence of the combined on grain filling rate was smaller than that of the single. The three degradable films had the same increasing effect on the yield as that of the ordinary one, with an average increase of 19.18% under the four film mulching treatments. Nitrogen application improved grain yield prominently, but there were no significant differences between the effects of combined and single application. Film mulching and fertilization only had significant interaction on dry matter accumulation. 0.012 mm degradable film could be used instead of the ordinary one in the test area of oil flax planting. |
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