| 连彩云,马忠明.水肥用量对制种玉米水肥利用及种子活力的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(1):128~135 |
| 水肥用量对制种玉米水肥利用及种子活力的影响 |
| Rates of water and fertilizer on their use efficiency and seed vigor of seed maize |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.01.17 |
| 中文关键词: 灌溉定额；施氮量；施磷量；水肥耦合效应 种子活力 产量；制种玉米 垄膜沟灌 |
| 英文关键词:irrigation quota N application P application coupling effects of water and fertilizer seed vigor yield seed maize ridge mulching\|furrow irrigation |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0400207）;甘肃省区域创新中心项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确水肥耦合对垄膜沟灌制种玉米产量及种子活力的影响，提出适宜高活力种子的最佳水肥耦合模式。试验采用3414设计，三因子为水分因子、氮肥因子和磷肥因子，2016—2017年在甘肃省农业科学院张掖节水农业试验站进行定位观测试验,分析了不同水肥模式对制种玉米水肥利用、产量及种子活力的影响。结果表明：制种玉米产量在不同灌水水平和施氮水平下差异较大，W2N2P2（灌溉定额480 mm,施氮240 kg·hm-2,施磷120 kg·hm-2）、W2N3P2(灌溉定额480 mm，施氮360 kg·hm-2,施磷120 kg·hm-2)、W2N2P0(灌溉定额480 mm,施氮240 kg·hm-2,不施磷)处理产量显著高于对照（W0N0P0）处理（灌溉定额240 mm,不施氮、磷），较对照分别增产36.0%、27.9%和30.6%，水分利用效率平均增加29.3%，氮肥利用率提高20.75%～28.59%，磷肥利用率增加11.49%～13.23%。对种子活力的分析可知，同一灌溉量下，发芽指数、发芽率均随施氮量的增加而增加，各处理间的差异不显著，活力指数则随施氮量的增加先增加而后有降低的趋势；同一施氮量下，发芽指数、发芽率、活力指数均随灌溉定额的增加而先增加后降低，即中灌溉量W2处理的种子活力最高。综合分析种子活力指标，处理W2N2P2、W2N2P0种子活力显著高于处理W0N0P0和处理W0N2P2（灌溉定额240 mm,施氮240 kg·hm-2,施磷120 kg·hm-2），活力指数较对照（W0N0P0）分别增加0.41%、0.40%。综合考虑制种玉米产量、水肥利用效率和种子活力，推荐灌溉定额为375～480 mm，施氮量（N）210～240 kg·hm-2，施磷量（P2O5）120～150 kg·hm-2为最佳的水肥耦合模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To propose the optimal coupling model of water and fertilizer, the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on the yield and seed vigor of seed maize under ridge mulching\|furrow irrigation pattern were examined by a located field trial in Zhangye Water\|saving Agriculture Station from 2016 to 2017. The experiment adopted 3414 design with the three factors were water, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The results showed that the yield of seed maize varied greatly under different irrigation and N levels, the yield of W2N2P2, W2N3P2, and W2N2P0 treatments were significantly higher than that of CK (W0N0P0) treatment. These treatments increased the yield by 36.0%, 27.9% and 30.6%, respectively, and the average WUE enhanced by 29.3%, and N utilization efficiency enhanced by 20.75%~28.59%, and P utilization efficiency increased by 11.49%~13.23%. Under the same irrigation rate, the germination index and rate increased with increasing N application rates, and there was no significant difference between treatments. However, the vigor index increased first and then decreased with increasing N application. Under the same N amount, the germination index, germination rate, and vigor index increased first and then decreased with increasing irrigation rates. The seeds vigor was the highest with medium irrigation amount (480 mm) and medium N rate (240 kg·hm-2). By analyzing comprehensive seed vitality index, the seeds vigor of W2N2P2 and W2N2P0 treatments was significantly higher than that of W0N0P0 and W0N2P2, and the vigor indexes were enhanced by 0.41 and 0.40% than that of CK (W0N0P0) treatment. In conclusion, the optimal irrigation quotas was 375~480 mm, the optimal N application rate was 210~240 kg·hm-2 and the optimal P application rate 120~150 kg·hm-2. |
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