| 吴昊,王理德,宋达成,郭春秀,王芳琳,何芳兰,赵赫然.民勤退耕区不同年限退耕地土壤理化性质及酶活性[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(1):191~199 |
| 民勤退耕区不同年限退耕地土壤理化性质及酶活性 |
| Soil properties and enzyme activities of abandoned farmland in different years in Minqin |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.01.25 |
| 中文关键词: 退耕地 退耕年限 理化特性 土壤酶活性 民勤 |
| 英文关键词:Abandoned years abandoned farmland physical and chemical properties soil enzyme activity Minqin |
| 基金项目:甘肃省青年科技基金（18JR3RA019）；国家自然科学基金（31760709,31860175,31560128）;甘肃省民生专项（20CK4FH018） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以民勤不同年限(1、2、4、8、13 a)退耕地为研究对象，以当年耕地作为对照，采用时空替代法及通径分析法研究不同年限退耕地土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性变化特征及二者的相关关系。结果表明:(1)随着退耕年限的增加土壤速效钾含量表现为缓慢上升趋势，在退耕13 a达到峰值（411 mg·kg-1）；其余理化指标均在退耕13 a时降至最低，分别为砂粒含量59%、土壤容重1.285 g·cm-3、土壤有机质含量7.9 g·kg-1土壤全氮含量0.1 g·kg-1、速效磷含量0.329 mg·kg-1。土壤含水率、土壤容重均表现为深层（20~40 cm）土壤高于表层（0~20 cm）土壤，土壤砂粒含量、有机质、速效钾、全氮、速效磷均表现为表层高于深层。(2)4种土壤酶活性随退耕年限的增加表现为先升高再下降的波动趋势，除了过氧化氢酶活性整体表现为较高水平外，其余土壤酶活性均为表层土壤大于深层土壤，且差异性显著(P＜0.05)，其中过氧化氢酶活性值最高达到了0.828 mL·g-1·20 min-1，磷酸酶活性值最低为0.0036 mg·g-1·d-1。(3)退耕地磷酸酶、脲酶活性与速效钾含量相关系数分别达到-0.949、-0.966，呈极显著负相关。(4)经通径分析可知，表层(0~20 cm)土壤速效钾含量是影响磷酸酶活性、蔗糖酶活性的直接主要因子，有机质含量间接影响4种土壤酶活性；深层(20~40 cm）土壤有机质含量为影响磷酸酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性直接主要因子，全氮含量间接影响4种土壤酶活性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abandoned farmland in different years in Minqin (1, 2, 4, 8 a, and 13 a) were taken as the research object, and the current year of cultivated land was taken as the control. Spatial\|temporal substitution method and path analysis method were used to study the physical and chemical properties, changes in soil enzyme activity, and the correlation among them. The results showed that: (1) the available potassium content in the soil showed a slow rising trend with increasing the number of years of conversion, reaching a peak value of 411 mg·kg-1 at 13 a. The remaining physical and chemical indexes were all reduced to the lowest when the cultivated land was converted after 13 a, namely sand content of 59%, soil bulk density of 1.285 g·cm-3, soil organic matter content of 7.9 g·kg-1, soil total nitrogen content of 0.1 g·kg-1, and quick\|available phosphorus content of 0.329 mg·kg-1. From the depth of soil layer, it can be seen that the soil moisture content and soil bulk density were consistent, which were both higher in the deep layer than in the surface layer, while the sand content, orgainc matter, available potassium, total\|nitrogen and available phosphorus were higher in the surface layer than in the deep layer. (2) The four soil enzyme activities showed a fluctuating trend of increasing first and then decreasing with increasing the years of returning farming. Except for the overall high level of catalase activity, the other soil enzyme activities were larger in the surface layer than in the deep layer with significant differences (P<0.05). The catalase activity value was as high as 0.828 mL·g-1·20 min-1, and the phosphatase activity value was as low as 0.0036 mg·g-1·d-1. (3) The correlation coefficients of phosphatase, urease activities, and available potassium contents in reclaimed land reached 0.949 and 0.966, respectively, showing extremely significant negative correlation (P<0.01). (4) Path analysis showed that available potassium content in surface layer (0~20 cm) was the direct main factor affecting the activities of phosphatase and sucrase, while organic matter content indirectly affected the enzyme activities of four soil types. Soil organic matter content in deep layer (20~40 cm) was the main factor directly affecting phosphatase activity and catalase activity, while total nitrogen content indirectly affected 4 soil enzyme activities. |
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