| 刘爽,王艳宇,杨焕民,王鹏,殷奎德,张兴梅.玉-鹅种养模式下土壤养分及土壤细菌群落功能多样性研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(2):1~9 |
| 玉-鹅种养模式下土壤养分及土壤细菌群落功能多样性研究 |
| The soil nutrients and functional diversity of soil bacterial community under the co-cultivation mode of breeding goose in cornfield |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.02.01 |
| 中文关键词: 玉-鹅种养模式 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 土壤细菌群落功能多样性 |
| 英文关键词:co-cultivation mode of breeding goose in cornfield soil nutrient soil enzyme activities the functional diversity of soil bacterial community |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0300101-2）“黑龙江半干旱区春玉米全程机械化丰产增效技术体系集成与示范” |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以玉-鹅种养7 a的玉米田为试验地，以常规玉米种植田为对照，采用田间对比试验的方法，通过分析土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性及Biolog-Eco平板的动态变化，分析玉-鹅种养模式对土壤养分及土壤细菌特征的影响。结果表明，在玉米生长的抽雄期、乳熟期、成熟期，玉-鹅种养模式下土壤养分含量相比常规玉米种植模式均有不同程度的增加，其中土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾、碱解氮等养分含量最大分别提高了39.34%、368.78%、92.19%、66.03%，而pH值最大降低了5.75%。玉-鹅种养模式下土壤碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶和过氧化氢酶等酶活性显著高于常规玉米种植模式，最大值分别达到了56.82、117.42、8973.49、5.28 mg·kg-1·h-1和2 201.47 mL·kg-1·h-1，且随着温度升高而增大。玉-鹅种养模式可以提高土壤细菌代谢能力，在玉米乳熟期其AWCD值最高达到1.44，其Pielou均匀度指数及Shannon-wiener指数在玉米成熟期分别比CK高出4.95%和6.04%，玉-鹅种养模式下土壤细菌对氨基酸类、多聚物类、胺类、碳水化合物类、羧酸类（除成熟期）及酚酸类等碳源利用率均显著高于常规模式，且随生育期变化而不同，其AWCD值峰值分别达到了1.60、1.51、1.47、1.47、1.39和1.09；由RDA分析可知，玉-鹅种养模式下土壤细菌对上述六大类碳源利用率与土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质等养分呈正相关，与pH值呈负相关，表明玉-鹅种养模式下土壤细菌利用底物能力更强，进而促进养分循环，有效降低土壤的pH值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this experiment, co-cultivation mode of breeding goose in cornfield for 7 years was used as the treatment and the conventional corn field as the control. By analyzing the dynamic changes of soil nutrient contents, soil enzyme activity, and Biolog-Ecoplate, we explored the effects of the co-cultivation mode of breeding goose in the cornfield on the characteristics of soil nutrients and soil bacteria, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for promoting ecological agriculture. The results showed that compared with the conventional corn planting mode, in the period of tasseling, milking, and maturing of corn growth, the soil nutrients under the co-cultivation mode of breeding goose in cornfield increased in different degrees. The soil organic matter contents, available phosphorus, available potassium, and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen increased by 39.34%, 368.78%, 92.19%, and 66.03%, respectively, while the pH value decreased by 5.75%. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, urease, sucrase, cellulose, and catalase were significantly higher under the co-cultivation mode of breeding goose in the cornfield than those in the conventional corn model, with the maximum values of 56.82, 117.42, 8 973.49, 5.28 mg·kg-1·h-1, and 2 201.47 mL·kg-1·h-1, respectively, and increased with increasing temperature. The co-cultivation mode of breeding goose in the cornfield improved the metabolic capacity of soil bacteria. The AWCD value reached 1.44 during the milking of corn. Its Pielou uniformity index and Shannon-wiener index were 4.95% and 6.04% higher than those of CK during the corn maturing, respectively. The utilization rates of amino acids, polymers, amines, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids (except the mature period), and phenolic acids in soil bacteria in the co-cultivation mode of breeding goose in cornfield were significantly higher than that the conventional corn planting mode, and different with the growth period, the peak AWCD values reached 1.60, 1.51, 1.47, 1.47, 1.39, and 1.09, respectively. The RDA analysis showed that the utilization rate of six kinds of carbon sources by soil bacteria was positively correlated with soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, and other nutrients, and negatively correlated with pH value, which indicated that soil bacteria had stronger ability to use substrates, promoted nutrient cycling, and effectively reduced soil pH value under the co-cultivation mode of breeding goose in the cornfield. |
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