种植年限对新疆盐碱土苹果园土壤质量及果实品质的影响

梅闯; 闫鹏; 冯贝贝; 马凯; 韩立群; 张振军; 王继勋; 艾沙江·买买提

梅闯,闫鹏,冯贝贝,马凯,韩立群,张振军,王继勋,艾沙江·买买提.种植年限对新疆盐碱土苹果园土壤质量及果实品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(2):10~14

种植年限对新疆盐碱土苹果园土壤质量及果实品质的影响

Effects of planting years on soil and fruit quality in saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang apple orchard

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.02.02

中文关键词: 种植年限苹果园盐碱土土壤质量果实品质新疆

英文关键词:planting years apple orchard saline-alkai soil soil quality fruit quality Xinjiang

基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目（2018E02048）；国家现代苹果产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27)；国家自然科学基金项目（31960583）

作者	单位
梅闯	新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所农业部新疆地区果树科学观测试验站，新疆乌鲁木齐 830091
闫鹏	新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所农业部新疆地区果树科学观测试验站，新疆乌鲁木齐 830091
冯贝贝	新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所农业部新疆地区果树科学观测试验站，新疆乌鲁木齐 830091
马凯	新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所农业部新疆地区果树科学观测试验站，新疆乌鲁木齐 830091
韩立群	新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所农业部新疆地区果树科学观测试验站，新疆乌鲁木齐 830091
张振军	阿克苏地区林科所，新疆阿克苏843000
王继勋	新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所农业部新疆地区果树科学观测试验站，新疆乌鲁木齐 830091
艾沙江·买买提	新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所农业部新疆地区果树科学观测试验站，新疆乌鲁木齐 830091

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中文摘要:

通过对不同种植年限盐碱地苹果园土壤理化指标及果实品质的测定，研究苹果种植年限和土壤理化性质特征间的关系及苹果品质的变化趋势。结果表明，研究区盐离子类型及含量组成是HCO^-₃＞SO^2-₄＞Cl^-＞Ca²⁺＞Na⁺＞Mg²⁺＞K⁺，土壤为高盐高碱类型。随着苹果种植年限的增加，土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量显著升高，有效钾和有效磷含量在连续种植9 a后，相对于第1 a种植，含量分别增加了2.9和2.3倍。土壤中Ca、Fe含量总体呈降低趋势，种植1 a条件下土壤Ca、Fe含量较种植9 a条件下分别降低了8%和45.6%。土壤中SO^2-₄和Cl^-含量逐渐减小，其中SO^2-₄在种植1 a时含量最高，值为515.5 mg·kg^-1，Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺含量分别下降了62%、78%、79%。种植12 a的苹果可溶性固形物和单果重较种植4 a苹果分别增加了10.0%和28.8%。因此，苹果种植有利于降低新疆盐碱土的盐离子含量，提高其有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量，果实品质随种植年限延长进一步改善。

英文摘要:

To study the effects of apple-planting years on physicochemical properties and fruit quality of saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, and to provide scientific basis for improving apple-planting conditions and fruit quality, we used the orchard soil and fruits with different apple-planting years as test materials. The relationship between apple-planting years and soil physicochemical properties and the trend of apple quality were studied by measuring soil trace elements, soluble salt ions, and routine fruit quality. The salt ions type and content in the study area ranked as HCO^-₃>SO^2-₄>Cl^->Ca²⁺>Na⁺>Mg²⁺>K⁺, and the soil was of high salt and alkali type. With increasing apple-planting years, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen (N) and alkali-hydrolyzable N increased significantly. After continuous planting of 9 a, the contents of available potassium and available phosphorus increased by 2.9 and 2.3 times compared to that of only 1 a planting, respectively. The contents of Ca and Fe in the soil showed a decreasing trend, and the content of Ca and Fe in the soil decreased by 8% and 45.6% under the condition of planting 1 a, compared with that under 9 a of planting. The content of SO^2-₄ and Cl^- in the soil gradually decreased, and the content of SO^2-₄ was the highest with 1 a of planting, with a value of 515.5 mg·kg^-1. The content of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ presented a general downward trend, and the content of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ in the soil decreased by 62%,78%,79% under 12 a of planting compared with that under 1 a of planting. The soluble solids and single fruit weight of apples under 12 a of planting increased by 10.0% and 28.8%, respectively, compared with that under 4 a of planting. Therefore, apple planting is beneficial to reduce the salt ion content of saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, and improve the content of organic matter, total N and alkali hydrolyzable N. The fruit quality was further improved with the extension of planting years.

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