| 楚光红,章建新,王聪,赵占营.幼苗期摘心对高产春大豆根系生长和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(2):102~110 |
| 幼苗期摘心对高产春大豆根系生长和产量的影响 |
| Effects of topping at seedling stage on root growth and yield of high-yield spring soybean |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.02.14 |
| 中文关键词: 高产春大豆 摘心时期 种植密度 根系生长 产量补偿效应 |
| 英文关键词:high-yield spring soybean seedling topping period planting density root growth yield compensation effect |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31660367） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 664 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 试验以主茎型高产春大豆‘新大豆27号’为材料，分别在真叶期（TP）和第一复叶期（CP）摘心，同时设置15(D1)、18(D2)、21(D3)、25(D4)、30(D5)万株·hm-2 5个不同密度（复叶期）摘心试验，以此探究近代高产春大豆根系生长和产量对幼苗期摘心的响应规律。结果表明：CP处理总侧根干质量、总侧根长度和总侧根表面积均显著增加，盛荚期（峰值）较对照（CK1）分别增加了18.66%、14.94%和17.49%，且0~20、20~40 cm和40~60 cm的根系活力分别提高了14.00%、15.43%和15.41%，而TP处理的根系活力则分别下降了8.46%、5.03%和4.82%；CP处理后单株荚数和单株粒数分别高于TP处理6.59%和4.37%，但分别低于对照14.00%和14.02%；TP和CP处理的百粒重分别较对照增加了10.08%和12.25%，TP处理减产5.16%（p<0.05），CP处理减产2.64%（p>0.05）；降低摘心密度（D3~D1），则单株结荚节位数、单株荚数、单节荚数和单株粒数会显著增加，当密度下降30.62%（D2）时群体荚数和群体粒数仅分别下降了2.37%和2.76%（p>0.05），而百粒重和产量分别提升了8.92%和5.90%（p<0.05），若继续降低密度产量则下降。CP处理减产不显著的主要原因是百粒重显著增加补偿了群体荚粒数的减少，而降低摘心密度D2表现为增产，说明摘心对产量的补偿效应是分枝数增加导致单株荚数（粒数）和百粒重显著增加的结果。由此认为，第一复叶期摘心对高产春大豆产量形成有显著促进作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effect of topping at seedling stage on the root growth and the response regularity of yield of high-yield spring soybean, in this study, the main stem-type high-yield spring soybean ‘Xindou 27’ was used as the material and two treatments of topping at the true leaf stage (TP) and topping at the compound leaf stage (CP) were carried out. At the same time, five different planting density of 15 (D1), 18 (D2), 21 (D3), 25 (D4), and 30 (D5)×104 plant·hm-2 were set up. The results showed that the total dry weight, length, and surface area of the lateral roots significantly increased with CP treatment, and increased by 18.66%, 14.94%, and 17.49%, respectively, compared with the control at full pod stage. The root vitality of 0~20, 20~40 cm and 40~60 cm increased by 14.00%, 15.43%, and 15.41%, respectively, while TP decreased by 8.46%, 5.03% and 4.82%. The number of pods and the number of seeds per plant with the CP treatment were higher than that with TP by 6.59% and 4.37%, but lower than that of the control by 14.00% and 14.02%, respectively. The 100-seed weight of TP and CP increased by 10.08% and 12.25%, respectively, compared with that of the control. The TP treatment reduced production by 5.16% (p<0.05), while the CP reduced production by 2.64% (p>0.05). When the density decreased (from D3 to D1), the number of pod nodes per plant, the number of pods per plant, the number of pods per node, and the number of seeds per plant increased significantly. When the density dropped by 30.62% (D2), the number of pods and seeds decreased by 2.37% and 2.76% (p>0.05), but the 100-seed weight and seed yield increased by 8.92% and 5.90% (p<0.05), respectively. When the density continued to dncrease, the yield reduced. The main reason for the insignificant decrease in yield of CP treatment was the significant increase in 100-seed weight. The increase in 100-seed weight compensated for the decrease in the number of pods in the population. However, when the density of topping (D2) was reduced, the yield increased, which indicated that the compensation effect of topping on yield was the result of the increase in the number of branches leading to a significant increase in the number of pods and the number of seeds per plant and 100-seed weight. Therefore, it is believed that topping at the compound leaf stage significantly promoted the formation of yield of high-yield soybean. |
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