| 李鹏宇,李援农,谷晓博,方恒.两种轮作模式下垄沟覆膜夏玉米适播密度的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(2):122~129 |
| 两种轮作模式下垄沟覆膜夏玉米适播密度的研究 |
| Study on the suitable sowing density of summer corn with covered ridge and furrow under different rotation patterns |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.02.16 |
| 中文关键词: 夏玉米 轮作 垄沟覆膜 栽培密度 土壤水分 生长 产量 |
| 英文关键词:summer corn rotation ridge and furrow mulching planting density soil water content growth yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（51979235） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1032 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为确定基于垄沟集雨覆膜栽培的冬油菜-夏玉米和冬小麦-夏玉米2种轮作模式下夏玉米的最适播种密度，于2019年设置5月28日（B1,冬油菜-夏玉米轮作模式下夏玉米播期）和6月15日（B2，冬小麦-夏玉米轮作模式下夏玉米播期）2个播期，每个播期均设置平作不覆盖5万株·hm-2（CK）、垄沟覆膜5万株·hm-2（M1）、垄沟覆膜7.5万株·hm-2（M2）和垄沟覆膜10万株·hm-2（M3）4个处理，分析比较了种植方式和密度对2种轮作模式下夏玉米田间土壤储水量、土壤温度、灌浆期根系及地上部生长特征、产量及水分利用效率等的影响。结果表明：垄沟覆膜可显著提高夏玉米全生育期内0~100 cm土层土壤储水量和0~200 cm土层水分利用效率50.2%~82.0%，提高生育前期0~25 cm土层土壤温度1.6~3.6℃，但对生育中后期（拔节后）的土壤温度影响不显著。同时，覆膜夏玉米具有更大的地上部干质量和更加发达的根系。随着种植密度的提高，B1和B2夏玉米茎粗、单株叶面积下降，群体叶面积指数和干物质量上升，其中密度每增加2.5万株·hm-2，单株叶面积平均下降6.7%~14.3%，群体叶面积指数平均增加20.4%~33.7%。成熟期穗长、穗粗、行粒数和百粒重均随着种植密度的增加而下降，其中密度每增加2.5万株·hm-2，百粒重平均下降4.5%~19.6%。B1夏玉米生育期内有效积温比B2高153.2℃，生育期延长8 d；同一密度水平下，B1覆膜处理夏玉米根系及地上部生长状况优于B2，其中产量较B2平均提高3.7%~21.3%。B1和B2夏玉米分别在垄沟覆膜10万株·hm-2和垄沟覆膜7.5万株·hm-2时获得最高产量，分别为12 522.5 kg·hm-2和11 492 kg·hm-2，表明冬油菜-夏玉米轮作模式下，覆膜夏玉米的生长状况和产量均优于冬小麦-夏玉米轮作，其适宜种植密度也相应提高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To determine the optimal seeding density of winter rape-summer corn and winter wheat-summer corn rotation systems with ridge and furrow mulching, and provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of regional agriculture and the rational use of water, soil, and heat resources, we set up two sowing dates in 2019, including 28 May (B1, sowing date of summer corn under winter rape summercorn rotation model) and 15 June(B2, sowing date of summer corn under winter wheat and summer corn rotation model).Four treatments were set for each sowing date,including CK (flat did not cover, 50 000 plants·hm-2), M1 (ridge and furrow mulching, 50 000 plants·hm-2), M2 (ridge and furrow mulching, 75 000 plants·hm-2), and M3 (ridge and furrow mulching, 100 000 plants·hm-2).The effects of planting methods and density on soil moisture content, soil temperature, root system, and above-ground growth characteristics, and yield and water use efficiency of summer maize under two rotation cropping patterns were systematically analyzed and compared. The results showed that ridge and furrow mulching could significantly increase the soil water storage capacity of 0~100 cm soil layer and the water use efficiency of 0~200 cm soil layer by 50.2%~82.0% during the whole growth period of summer corn, and increased the soil temperature of 0~25 cm soil layer during the early growth period by 1.6~3.6℃. However, it has no significant effect on the soil temperature in the middle and late growth stages (after jointing). At the same time, the film-mulched summer corn had a larger above-ground dry matter quality and a more developed root system. With the increase of planting density, the stem thickness and leaf area per plant of B1 and B2 summer maize decreased, and the population leaf area index and dry matter quality increased. For every increase of 25 000 plants·hm-2 in density, the leaf area per plant decreased by 6.7% to 14.3% on average, and the leaf area index of the population increased by 20.4% to 33.7% on average.In the mature stage, spike length, spike diameter, row grain number, and 100-grain weight all decreased with increasing planting density, in which 100-grain weight decreased by 4.5%~19.6% on average for every 25 000 plants·hm-2 increase in density. The effective accumulated temperature of B1 summer corn was 153.2℃ higher than that of B2, and the growth period was 8 days longer. Under the same density level, the root and ground growth of summer maize treated with B1 film was better than that with B2, and the yield was increased by 3.7%~21.3% compared with B2. The summer maize of B1 and B2 obtained the highest yield when the ridge and furrow were covered with 100 000 plants·hm-2 and the ridge and furrow were covered with 75 000 plants·hm-2, respectively.It shows that under the winter rape-summer maize rotation model, the growth status and yield of the film-mulched summer maize were better than the winter wheat-summer maize rotation, and the suitable planting density also increased accordingly. |
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