周娟娟,白玛嘎翁,魏巍,德科加.西藏高寒区禾-豆混播对牧草营养品质及土壤养分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(2):143~149
西藏高寒区禾-豆混播对牧草营养品质及土壤养分的影响
The effects of grass-legume mixing farming on forage nutritional quality and soil nutrient in alpine zone of Tibet
  
DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.02.19
中文关键词:  禾-豆混播;牧草;营养品质;土壤养分  西藏高寒区
英文关键词:grass-legume mixture  forage  nutritional quality  soil nutrient  alpine zone of Tibet
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0502402-2);农业农村部“国家牧草现代产业技术体系”(CARS-34)
作者单位
周娟娟 省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室西藏 拉萨 850009西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所西藏 拉萨 850009 
白玛嘎翁 省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室西藏 拉萨 850009西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所西藏 拉萨 850009 
魏巍 省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室西藏 拉萨 850009西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所西藏 拉萨 850009 
德科加 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院青海 西宁 810016 
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中文摘要:
      采用随机区组试验设计,以燕麦(Avena sativa)、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)、饲用豌豆(Pisum arvense)为材料,于2019年在拉萨墨竹工卡具开展单播、禾-豆混播种植方式下牧草产量和品质的比较。通过分析种植后土壤养分的变化,在确保牧草生产性能的同时,探讨禾-豆混播的土壤改良作用。结果表明:(1)燕麦+箭筈豌豆、燕麦+饲用豌豆混播比例为70%∶30%和50%∶50%时,干草产量最高,较单播燕麦分别提高11.8%和28.0%,较单播箭筈豌豆、饲用豌豆分别提高24.5%和17.4%。(2)单播箭筈豌豆、饲用豌豆的粗蛋白(CP)含量最高,分别达19.29%和15.74%,混播处理中CP含量随着燕麦播种量的增加呈现降低的趋势,最高降幅分别达54.48%和57.12%;而中、酸性纤维则呈相反趋势。(3)单播燕麦土壤养分降低,有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾分别降低1.10 g·kg-1、0.03 g·kg-1、22.93 mg·kg-1、3.27 mg·kg-1和4.38 mg·kg-1。而增加豆科植物的播种量可有效提高土壤肥力,增加速效养分供给,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和有效磷最高可提升4.5%、9.1%、3.6%和6.1%。综上,进行一年生禾-豆混播具有实现牧草增产和农田保育的双重效应。
英文摘要:
      The forage yield, soil nutrients, and variation of soil nutrition were compared by monocultures of Avena sativa, Vicia sativa, Pisum arvense, and combination of A. sativa + V. sativa and A. sativa + P. arvense mixed patterns to explore the effects of soil amelioration while ensuring the performance of forage production in Maizhokunggar Sibu pasture of Tibet in 2019. The results showed that: (1) The hay yield of mixed sowing ratio of A. sativa∶V. sativa at 70%∶30%, and A. sativa∶P. arvense at 50%∶50% were the highest, which increased by 11.8% and 28.0% compared to monocultures of A. sativa, and increased by 24.5% and 17.4% compared to monocultures of A. sativa and P. arvense, respectively. (2) The crude protein (CP) of monocultures of V. sativa and P. arvense were 19.29% and 15.74%, respectively. The CP content of mixed sowing treatments showed a decreasing trend with increasing A. sativa sowing ratio, and the highest decreasing amplitude was 54.48% and 57.12%, respectively; while the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) showed the opposite trend. (3) The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen (N), alkali-decomposed N, available phosphate (P), and available potassium (K) of monocultures of A. sativa were reduced by 1.10, 0.03 g·kg-1, and 22.93, 3.27, 4.38 mg·kg-1, respectively, compared with that in the monocultures of A. sativa. Increasing sowing rate of legume effectively improved the soil nutrients. The content of soil organic matter, total N, alkali-decomposed N, and available P were increased by 4.5%, 9.1%, 3.6%, and 6.1%, respectively, which improved the supply of available nutrients such as alkali-decomposed N and available P. In summary, grass-legume mixture is beneficial to the purpose of increasing forage production and conservation of cultivated land.
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