| 李昊宇,王梦,李阳,时威,麻浩,王文全.基于干旱区煤矿废弃物利用的土壤配置及其对苏丹草生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(2):194~201 |
| 基于干旱区煤矿废弃物利用的土壤配置及其对苏丹草生长的影响 |
| Soil formula based on coal mine waste utilization in arid areas and its effect on the growth of Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf. |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.02.25 |
| 中文关键词: 煤矿 废弃物 粉煤灰 荒漠土 保水性 苏丹草 |
| 英文关键词:coal mine waste fly ash desert soil water-retaining property Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf. |
| 基金项目:兰州生多荒漠保护研究院横向课题（KQXF-001） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 新疆干旱区煤矿开采利用过程中产生大量废弃物，如粉煤灰、火烧石等，且原生态环境恶劣，不利于植物生长。本文以粉煤灰、火烧石为试验材料，结合当地荒漠土设置土壤配方，并通过小区试验种植苏丹草（Sorghum sudanense (Piper)Stapf.）来验证其效果。结果表明：在荒漠土中添加10%粉煤灰其土壤硬度降低5.94 kg·cm-2，土壤速效磷含量增加5.19 mg·kg-1；土壤表面覆盖火烧石可降低土壤水分的蒸发, 覆石处理组总失水率仅为未覆石处理组的43.8%~58.8%。2019年4—8月通过小区试验种植苏丹草，在夏季高温干旱期，“荒漠土+10%粉煤灰+覆石”处理于灌溉后1~3 d，15∶30 TM时，石缝中地表温度显著低于荒漠土（CK）裸地温度，降低了2.07℃~12.57℃，昼夜温差减少4.54℃~14.17℃，含水率高于荒漠土（CK）裸地5.93%~10.84%。在“荒漠土+10%粉煤灰+覆石”的配土方式下，苏丹草长势显著好于荒漠土（CK）（p＜0.05），其株高是CK的1.9倍，地上生物量是CK的5.9倍，地下生物量是CK的2.7倍。“荒漠土+10%粉煤灰+覆石”是一种有效的保水、促苗配土方式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The exploitation of coal mines in arid areas of Xinjiang produced large amounts of waste, such as fly ash and burning stone etc.. Coupled with the poor original ecological environment, it is not conducive to plant growth. Fly ash and burning stone were used as experimental materials in this paper, and a soil formula was developed based on the local desert soil. Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf. was planted for validating the effect of the soil formula on plant growth in plot experiments. It is expected to build a micro-environment that is better than the original ecological environment and achieve the purpose of water conservation and seedling promotion. The results showed that the addition of 10% fly ash to desert soils reduced soil hardness by 5.94 kg·cm-2 and soil fast-acting phosphorus content increased by 5.19 mg·Kg-1; the soil surface covered with burning stone reduced the evaporation of soil moisture. The total water loss rate of the stone covered treatment group was only 43.8%~58.8% of non-covered treatment group. Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf. was planted from April to August 2019 in plot experiments, and it was found that in the dry and hot summer, “desert soil +10% fly ash + stone cover” treatment 1~3 d after irrigation, at 15∶30 TM, surface temperature in the stone crevice was significantly lower than the desert soil (CK) bare-ground temperature, the difference between the two was 2.07℃~12.57℃, and the temperature difference between day and night in the stone-coated treatment was lower than that of the desert soil (CK) by 4.54℃~14.17℃; the water content there of was significantly higher than the desert soil (CK) bare-ground by 5.93%~10.84%. The growth of Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf. in “desert soil +10% fly ash + stone cover” was significantly better than that in the desert soil (CK) (p<0.05), and the plant height was 1.9 times that of CK, the aboveground biomass 5.9 times that of CK, and under-ground biomass 2.7 times that of CK. Therefore, “desert soil +10% fly ash + stone cover” is an effective way of soil preparation for water conservation and seedling promotion. |
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