| 何万荣,韩路,席琳乔,王海珍.南疆枣园三种不同绿肥腐解及养分释放规律研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(3):129~136 |
| 南疆枣园三种不同绿肥腐解及养分释放规律研究 |
| The characteristics of decomposing and nutrients releasing of three green manures in orchard in Southern Xinjiang |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.03.16 |
| 中文关键词: 绿肥 腐解 养分释放 枣园 极端干旱区 |
| 英文关键词:green manure decomposition nutrients release orchard extreme arid area |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501407)；新疆生产建设兵团南疆科技攻关项目(2018AB037) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在新疆阿拉尔垦区枣园试验田，以毛苕子、油菜、白三叶3种绿肥为试验材料，采用田间网袋埋田法研究干旱盐渍条件下3种绿肥在枣树行间15 cm土层翻压后150 d的腐解与养分释放规律，以期为南疆果园地力培肥、生草推广提供理论依据。结果表明：3种绿肥均在翻压还田后21 d内腐解较快，腐解率均超过60%，之后腐解速率逐渐减慢。还田150 d白三叶、油菜、毛苕子累积腐解量和腐解率分别达33.32、15.91、22.87 g和83.17%、72.88%、69.92%，白三叶均最高。不同养分释放特征差异明显，碳、氮、钾在还田后21 d内释放较快，之后逐渐减慢，磷释放呈持续增长趋势。3种绿肥在翻压还田150 d碳、氮、磷累积释放率分别为73.14%～86.23%、68.18%～85.23%、77.92%～88.82%，钾残留率均低于2%，释放快且彻底，各养分释放率依次为钾＞磷＞碳＞氮。其中白三叶碳、氮、磷、钾累积释放率均最高，分别达到 86.23%、85.23%、88.82%、99.61%，且各养分残留率均与其它两种绿肥差异显著(P＜0.05)；毛苕子除磷素外碳、氮、钾累积释放率均最低，分别比白三叶低15.18%、20.01%和1.29%。3种绿肥养分累积释放量与释放速率依次为碳＞钾＞氮＞磷，白三叶碳、氮、钾释放量与释放速率均显著高于其它两种绿肥(P＜0.05)，而油菜磷释放量和释放速率最高，分别达16.71 mg、0.111 mg·d-1。综合分析表明，白三叶干物质腐解和养分释放均优于毛苕子、油菜，培肥地力效果较好，可作为南疆果园推广的生草品种。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to investigate the nutrient decayed and released rules of green manures in the arid and saline area of Southern Xinjiang, Trifolium repens, Vicia villosa, and Brassica campestris were used as the experimental material in jujube orchard, Alar reclamation area. The nylon mesh\|bag embedding method was used to study the nutrient release of three green manures buried in 15 cm soil for 150 days, so as to provide theoretical basis for soil fertilization and interplanting grass in orchard. The results showed that three green manures were decomposed fast in the first 21 days after incubation, and the decomposition rates were more than 60%, then slowed down. After 150 days of incubation, the cumulative decomposition amounts of T.repens, V.villosa, and B.campestris reached 33.32 g, 15.91 g, and 22.87 g and the cumulative decomposition rates were 83.17%, 72.88%, and 69.92%, respectively. Among them, T.repens had the highest indexes in decomposition. The characteristics of different nutrients release from three green manures had significantly difference. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and potassium (K) were released rapidly in the initial 21 d, then slowed down until the end of experiment. Phosphorus (P) release showed a trend of continuous increase and had no obvious inflection point. The cumulative release rates of C, N, and K from the three green manures were 73.14%~86.23%, 68.18%~85.23%, and 77.92%~88.82% after 150 d, respectively. The residual rates of K were all lower than 2%, which were released quickly and thoroughly. The release rates of nutrients were in the order of K＞P＞C＞N, respectively. The cumulative release rates of C, N, P, and K of T.repens were the highest among all and reached 86.23%, 85.23%, 88.82%, and 99.61%, respectively. The residual rates of all nutrients had significantly difference with other two green manures (P＜0.05). V.villosa had the lowest release rate of C, N, and K except P, which were 15.18%, 20.01%, and 1.29% lower than that of the T.repens, respectively. The cumulative release amount and release speed of the three green manures were in the order of C＞K＞N＞P. The release amount and release rate of C, N and K of T.repens were significantly higher than that of other two green manures (P＜0.05), but the release amount and release rate of P in B.campestris were the highest and reached 16.71 mg·d-1 and 0.111 mg·d-1, respectively. Based on the above analysis, the dry matter decomposition and nutrient release of T.repens were better than that of V.villosa and B.campestris. The effect of fertilizing soil with T.repens was better, and it was worth popularized as raw grass in orchard in Southern Xinjiang. |
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