| 张敬禹,何晓蕾,孙佳玉,龙怀玉,王鹏.负压灌溉对茄子养分吸收和土壤养分环境的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(4):1~11 |
| 负压灌溉对茄子养分吸收和土壤养分环境的影响 |
| Effect of negative water pressure irrigation on nutrient uptake of eggplant and soil nutrient environment |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.04.01 |
| 中文关键词: 负压灌溉 土壤养分 土壤酶 茄子 养分吸收 |
| 英文关键词:negative water pressure irrigation soil nutrient soil enzyme eggplant nutrient uptake |
| 基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）（2013AA102900-3）；政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项（2018YFE0112300） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 利用负压供水装置，研究不同负压灌溉对茄子养分吸收、土壤有效养分含量和土壤酶活性的影响，以期筛选出适宜茄子生长的供水压力。在遮雨大棚内采用盆栽试验，供试土壤为草甸黑钙土，试验设3个不同供水压力（-3、-8、-15 kPa）及人工浇水（CK）共4个处理，在生育期测定茄子植株氮、磷、钾养分吸收量、土壤有效养分含量及土壤酶活性。结果表明：与CK处理相比，-3 kPa供水压力能显著提高茄子茎、叶和果实器官中氮、磷、钾的吸收量，促进了氮、磷、钾向果实中转移，有利于产量提高；与CK处理相比，-3 kPa供水压力下，茄子生育期土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别提高11.03%～21.98%、14.89%～23.97%和6.48%～13.32%，土壤脲酶活性提高11.29%～19.78%，磷酸酶活性提高9.09%～16.91%，蔗糖酶活性提高3.74%～13.17%，始果期过氧化氢酶活性提高5.08%。相关分析表明，负压供水条件下，茄子茎、叶、果实中氮、磷、钾含量与土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量间存在显著或极显著的正相关关系，并且土壤养分含量与土壤酶活性间存在极显著正相关关系。采用负压灌溉、供水压力控制在-3 kPa时，具有提高茄子植株氮、磷、钾养分吸收量，提高土壤有效养分含量，增加土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和土壤过氧化氢酶活性的效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Using the negative water pressure supply device, this study examined the effect of negative irrigation on eggplant nutrient uptake, available nutrient content of soil and soil enzyme activity in order to select the optimal pressure of supply water for eggplant growth.The findings provided a theoretical basis for water saving irrigation of eggplant. The experiment used pot in rain shelter and soil was meadow chernozem.Four treatments were included in the experiment:three different water supply pressures (-3, -8, -15 kPa) and manual watering (CK) to determine the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient uptake of eggplant, soil available nutrient content and soil enzyme activity during the growing period. The results showed that water supply pressure controlled at -3 kPa significantly increased nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of eggplant stems, leaves, and fruit organs and promoted the transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium to the fruit, which in turn increased the yield compared with the CK treatment. Compared with the CK treatment, under the treatment of -3 kPa water supply pressure, the content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased 11.03%～21.98%, 14.89%～23.97% and 6.48%～13.32% respectively.In addition, the urease, the phosphatase and the sucrose activity of soil increased 11.29%～19.78%, 9.09%～16.91% and 3.74%～13.17% respectively during the eggplant growing stage, with the catalase activity increasing 5.08% at the early fruit bearing stage. Correlation analysis showed, under the negative water pressure supply, there was a significant positive correlation or most significant positive correlation existed between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of eggplant stem, leaf, fruit and soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content. The most significant positive correlation was also found between soil nutrient content and soil biological activity. In summary, conducting negative water pressure irrigation controlled at -3 kPa improved nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of eggplant and soil available nutrient content. At the same time, it increased the activity of soil urease, phosphatase, sucrose and catalase. |
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