| 汪星,张敬晓,吕望,单长河,路梅,李艳超.黄土丘陵区深层干化土壤对降雨入渗的响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(4):29~38 |
| 黄土丘陵区深层干化土壤对降雨入渗的响应 |
| Infiltration response of deep dry soil to rainfall in the Loess Hilly Region |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.04.04 |
| 中文关键词: 干化土壤 降雨入渗响应 土壤水分 黄土丘陵区 |
| 英文关键词:dry soil infiltration response to rainfall soil moisture Loess Hilly Region |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32060301）；国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504703) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在陕北米脂试验站设置了野外10 m地下大型土柱，分别利用BLJW-4小型综合气象观测站、CS650-CR1000自动监测系统对降雨状况和土壤水分状况进行长期连续定位观测,分析黄土丘陵区深层干化土壤对降雨入渗的响应。结果表明：（1）黄土丘陵区降雨可以划分为3种类型：快速蒸发型降雨（P≤13 mm）、缓慢蒸发型降雨（13 mm<P<26 mm）、入渗主导型降雨（P≥26 mm）。其中快速蒸发型降雨、缓慢蒸发型降雨在裸露地表情况下仅能引发浅层土壤的降雨入渗响应（Zrapid≤30 cm，30 cm<Zslow<60 cm），不能对深层干化土壤形成有效的水分补给；而入渗主导型降雨则能够引发深层干化土壤的降雨入渗响应（Zinfiltration≥60 cm），能够促进干化土壤得到水分修复。（2）0~90 cm土层为降雨入渗、蒸发循环层，该深度范围土壤受降雨、蒸发作用影响强烈，土壤水分呈现频繁增、减波动；90 cm以下土层为降雨入渗主导层，该深度范围内土壤不再受蒸发作用影响，土壤水分呈增加趋势。（3）入渗主导型降雨年最大入渗深度在140~160 cm，雨后上层土壤水在蒸发作用下69~435 h恢复至雨前水平。裸露地表状况下，多年累积降雨能够促进深层干化土壤产生入渗响应，2014—2019年干化土壤对于自然降雨的入渗响应深度依次为180、220、400、700、900 cm及>1 000 cm。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the infiltration response of the deep dry soil to rainfall in the Loess Hilly Region, a large underground soil column of 10 m in the field was set up in Mizhi test station which is located in the North of Shaanxi Province. The BLJW-4 comprehensive meteorological station and CS650-CR1000 automatic monitoring system were used to conduct long\|term and continuous positioning observation of rainfall as well as soil moisture. Results showed that: (1) Rainfall in the loess hilly region should be divided into three types: rapid evaporative rainfall (P≤13 mm), slow evaporative rainfall (13 mm<P<26 mm), and infiltration dominant rainfall (P≥26 mm). Rapid evaporation rainfall and slow evaporation rainfall in the exposed surface situation only triggered response within shallow layers (Zrapid≤30 cm，30 cm<Zslow<60 cm). Both of these two types were unable to supply water to deep dry soil. The infiltration dominant rainfall led to response of deep soil layers (Zinfiltration≥60 cm), which promoted the deep dry soil to get water remediation. (2) 0~90 cm was the rainfall infiltration and evaporation cycle layer. The soil within this depth was strongly affected by rainfall and evaporation, and soil moisture fluctuated frequently in both directions. Infiltration played a leading role below 90 cm. Within this depth, soil was no longer affected by evaporation, and soil moisture showed an increasing trend. (3) The maximum annual infiltration depth of infiltration dominant rainfall was 140~160 cm, and it took about 69~435 h for the upper soil moisture to recover to the level before the rain under the influence of evaporation. Under bare surface conditions, multi\|year accumulation of rainfall promoted the infiltration response of deep dry soil. The infiltration response depths of dry soil to natural rainfall from 2014 to 2019 were 180, 220, 400, 700, 900 cm and >1 000 cm in sequence. |
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